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摘要: 为深入了解液体燃料云雾爆轰机理,借助自行设计和建造的立式爆轰管,并采用升降法和烟迹技 术,对环氧丙烷等液体燃料云雾爆轰参数(爆速、爆压、临界起爆能和爆轰胞格尺寸)与当量比的关系进行了实 验研究。结果表明,环氧丙烷的爆速和爆压随当量比的增加先增大后平缓减小;碳氢液体燃料云雾爆轰的临 界起爆能与当量比呈U型关系,最佳值点偏向富燃料一侧;临界起爆能的大小与燃料的分子结构和挥发性 有密切关系,IPN和PO 临界起爆能相当,而烷烃类临界起爆能均较大。环氧丙烷在25和50 ℃时的爆轰胞 格宽度与当量比皆呈U型关系,最小值点偏向富燃料一侧;气相爆轰胞格宽度比云雾爆轰略小。常温下环 氧丙烷云雾爆轰主要由气相反应所控制。Abstract: Inordertounderstandthe mechanism ofliquidfuelclouddetonation,theup-and-down methodandsoottracetechniquewereusedtostudytherelationshipbetweentheclouddetonationparameters( velocity,pressure,criticalinitiationenergyandcellwidth)andequivalenceratioexperimentallywithaverticalshocktube. Resultsindicatedthatthedetonationpressureanddetonationvelocityofpropyleneoxide( PO)increasedandthendecreasedsmoothlywiththerisingofequivalence ratio.Thecriticalinitiationenergythatdirectlyinitiatedthedetonationofhydrocarbonliquidfuel cloudshowedaU-shapedcurverelationwiththevariationofequivalenceratios.Theoptimumconcentrationwasfoundonthesidewheretheequivalenceratioisover1. Thecriticalinitiationenergywas alsofoundcloselyrelatedtomolecularstructureandvolatilityoffuels.IPNandPOhadsimilarcriticalvaluesandthoseofalkaneswerealllarger. DetonationcellsizesofPOatboth25 ℃ and50 ℃ showedaU-shapedcurve.Theminimalcellwidthalsoliedonthesideofrich-fuel(1).ThedetonationreactionofPOatnormaltemperatureiscontrolledbygas- phasereaction.
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Key words:
- mechanicsofexplosion /
- clouddetonationparameter /
- up-and-downmethod /
- liquidfuel /
- soottracetechnique
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