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摘要: 为了提高混合炸药爆速尤其是含铝混合炸药爆速的计算精度，基于体积加权法思路构造一种新的混合炸药爆速计算公式，对近50种常见的混合炸药配方进行了计算，并与实验值进行对比，结果很好吻合，最大误差低于3%，平均误差低于1%，与BKW和Urizar常用方法相比，计算精度有显著提高。Abstract: In order to predict detonation velocity of composite explosive accurately (esp. aluminium-containing explosive), a new equation of predicting detonation velocity of composite explosive was derived in the weighted-volume method. With the new equation, prediction of detonation velocity was carried out for more than 50 kinds of composite explosive. The predictions show a good agreement with the experiment data. The maximum error of prediction was less than 3%. The average error of prediction was less than 1%. Compared with that of commonly used methods such as BKW and Urizar, the prediction accuracy of the new equation was significantly improved.
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表 1 炸药的爆速和爆速方程
Table 1. Equation of detonation velocity
炸药 ρ0/(g·cm-3) ρTMD/(g·cm-3) Dmax/(km·s-1) a K RDX 0.44~1.80 1.816 8.910 2.395 3.589 TNT 1.00~1.65 1.654 7.020 2.256 2.880 HMX 1.00~1.90 1.900 9.080 1.987 3.733 RDX 60/TNT 40 1.02~1.72 1.742 8.066 2.713 3.073 OCTOL 1.21~1.81 1.835 8.516 2.525 3.265 
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表 2 Urizar公式中使用的部分特征爆速
Table 2. Characteristic detonsation velocities of Urizar formula
材料 Di/(km·s-1) ρTMD/(g·cm-3) RDX 8.800 1.81 TNT 6.970 1.65 HMX 9.150 1.9 Estane 5.520 1.20 Teflon 5.330 2.15 Viton A 5.390 1.82 Al 6.850 2.70 AP 6.250 1.95 Air 1.500 -
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表 3 部分物质的特征爆速与特征斜率
Table 3. Characteristic slope of some materials
炸药 Dmax/(km·s-1) K ρmax/(g·cm-3) TNT 7.020 2.880 1.654 RDX 8.800 3.744 1.816 HMX 9.182 4.506 1.905 PETN 8.300 3.460 1.770 Al(Ⅰ) 5.545 3.500 2.700 Al(Ⅱ) 6.850 5.000 2.700 WAX 6.800 4.523 1.090 Viton A 5.390 2.188 1.820 Graphite 5.400 0.930 2.250
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表 4 采用新方法计算的普通混合炸药爆速计算结果
Table 4. Comparison of detonation velocity calculated by the new method with other method
No. 炸药 ρ0/
(g·cm-3)Dexp/
(km·s-1)DBKW/
(km·s-1)εBKW/% Dnew/
(km·s-1)εnew/% 1 Comp B(RDX 64/TNT 36) 1.713 8.03 8.08 0.62 8.04 0.12 2 Comp B(RDX 60/TNT 40) 1.700 7.80 - - 7.71 -1.15 3 Octol
(HMX 76.3/TNT 23.7)1.809 8.47 8.55 0.94 8.50 0.35 4 Octol
(HMX 72.4/TNT 27.6)1.810 8.48 - - 8.47 -0.12 5 CYCLOTOL
(RDX 77/TNT 23)1.743 8.25 8.311)
7.912)0.73
-4.128.31 0.73 6 HBX-O(RDX 48.9
/TNT 46.1/WAX 5)1.620 - 7.601)
7.332)- 7.65 - 7 Pentolite
(PETN 50/TNT 50)1.650 7.46 7.741)
7.472)3.75
0.137.47 0.13 8 EDC-24(HMX 95/WAX 5) 1.776 8.71 8.63 -0.92 8.70 -0.11 ε 1.54 0.39 1)RDX爆速; 2)TNT爆速。
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表 5 采用新方法计算的含铝非理想炸药爆速计算结果
Table 5. Comparison of detonation velocity calculated by the new method with other method
No. 炸药 ρ0/
(g·cm-3)Dexp/
(km·s-1)DBKW/
(km·s-1)εBKW/% DUrizar/
(km·s-1)εUrizar/% Dnew/
(km·s-1)εnew/% 9 RDX 90/Al 10 1.68 8.03[9] 8.08[9] 0.62 7.96 -0.87 7.97 -0.75 10 RDX 80/Al 20 1.73 7.77[9] 7.81[9] 0.51 7.81 0.51 7.74 -0.39 11 RDX 70/Al 30 1.76 7.58[9] 7.49[9] -1.19 7.56 -0.26 7.40 -2.37 12 RDX 60/Al 40 1.84 7.20[9] 6.93[9] -3.75 7.45 3.47 7.22 0.88 13 RDX 50/Al 50 1.89 6.81[9] 5.78[9] -15.12 7.23 6.17 6.87 0.88 14 TNT 89.4/Al 10.6 1.72 7.05[9] 7.02[9] -0.43 6.96 -1.28 7.06 0.14 15 TNT 78.3/Al 21.7 1.80 7.05[9] 6.59[9] -6.52 6.95 -1.42 7.04 -0.14 16 TNT 67.8/Al 32.2 1.89 7.05[9] 6.36[9] -9.79 6.95 -1.42 7.08 0.43 17 TNT 80/Al 20 1.72 6.70[9] - - 6.75 0.75 6.65 -0.75 18 HBX-1 1.72 7.22 7.27 0.69 7.39 2.35 7.35 1.80 19 HBX-1 1.71 7.31[9] 7.38[9] 0.96 7.35 0.55 7.31 0 20 HBX-3 1.84 7.12[9] 6.91[9] -2.95 7.24 1.69 6.99 -1.83 21 HBX-3 1.81 6.91 6.85 -0.87 7.15 3.47 6.88 -0.43 22 Alex20 1.801 7.53 7.49 -0.53 7.68 1.99 7.56 0.4 23 Alex32 1.88 7.30 7.06 -3.29 7.53 3.15 7.34 0.55 24 DESTEX 1.68 6.65 6.44 -3.17 6.69 0.60 6.65 0 25 RDX 42.1/TNT 42.1
/WAX 0.8/Al 151.757 7.49[6] - - 7.53 0.53 7.46 -0.40 26 RDX 42.1/TNT 42.1
/WAX 0.8/Al 151.759 7.51[6] - - 7.53 0.27 7.47 -0.53 27 Tropex 1.81 7.49 - - 7.60 1.47 7.51 0.27 28 RDX 41/TNT 41
/Al 181.81 7.53 - - 7.59 0.80 7.50 -0.40 29 H6 1.71 7.19 7.23 0.56 7.35 2.23 7.26 0.97 30 RDX 76/Al 20
/WAX 41.77 8.08[6] - - 7.93 -1.86 7.96 -1.49 31 Al-X(HMX 51
/氟橡胶9/Al 40)2.00 7.05[6] - - 7.59 7.66 7.04 -0.14 32 HMX 85/氟橡胶15 1.86 8.46[6] - - 8.44 -0.24 8.44 -0.24 ε 3.10 1.75 0.663
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表 6 采用新方法计算的低密度混合炸药爆速计算结果
Table 6. Comparison of detonation velocity calculated by the new method with other method
No. 炸药 ρ0/
(g·cm-3)Dexp/
(km·s-1)DUrizar/
(km·s-1)εUrizar/% Dnew/
(km·s-1)εnew/% 33 RDX 45/TNT 30/Al 25 1.15 4.60[6] 5.47 18.91 4.58 -0.43 34 RDX 60/TNT 40 1.00 5.65[6] 5.45 -3.54 5.61 -0.71 35 TNT 1.44 6.35[6] 6.30 -0.79 6.42 1.10 36 TNT 85/Al 15(270 μ) 1.44 6.07[6] 6.03 -0.66 6.03 -0.66 37 TNT 85/Al 15(0.2 μ) 1.44 5.75[6] 6.03 4.87 5.90 2.61 38 TNT 85/Al 15(270 μ) 1.69 6.76[6] 6.99 3.40 6.72 -0.59 39 TNT 85/Al 15(0.2 μ) 1.69 6.84[6] 6.99 2.19 6.85 0.15 ε 4.80 0.94
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表 7 含铝炸药实验验证计算结果
Table 7. Comparison of detonation velocity calculated by the new method with other method
No. 炸药 ρ0/
(g·cm-3)Dexp/
(km·s-1)DUrizar/
(km·s-1)εUrizar/% Dnew/
(km·s-1)εnew/% 40 RDX 74/Al 20/添加剂6 1.68 7.57 7.41 -2.11 7.51 -0.79 41 RDX 64/Al 30/添加剂6 1.74 7.28 7.27 -0.14 7.27 -0.14 42 RDX 54/Al 40/添加剂6 1.80 6.89 7.12 3.34 7.01 1.74 43 RDX 44/Al 50/添加剂6 1.86 6.88 6.92 0.58 6.69 -2.76 44 RDX 34/Al 60/添加剂6 1.94 6.58 6.77 2.89 6.43 -2.28 ε 1.76 1.33
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