带有圆弧形凹槽金属薄壁圆管抗撞性优化设计

谭丽辉; 徐涛; 崔晓梅; 张炜; 赵世佳

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2014)05-0547-07

摘要: 在金属薄壁圆管的基础上，引入圆弧形凹槽诱导结构并以其为研究对象，建立以凹槽数量及其半径为优化参数，以比吸能和压溃力效率为评价指标的多目标优化模型。分析研究均布设置诱导凹槽对结构吸能、最大峰值压溃力及压溃力曲线平稳性的影响。采用有限元软件LS-DYNA得到不同几何参数模型的碰撞响应，结合径向基函数法构造近似函数，并采用理想点法进行优化设计，得出使结构最优时的凹槽数量和半径，从而得到了理想的诱导凹槽优化结构。

关键词:

Abstract: Circular arc indentations were introduced into metal thin-walled cylinders.And a multi-objective optimization model was built by taking the number and the radius of the indentations as optimization parameters, as well as the specific energy absorption and the crushing force efficiency as evaluation indexes.The effects of the circular arc indentations introduced with uniform intervals were analyzed on the structural energy absorption, the maximum crushing force and the smoothness of the crushing force curve.The collision responses of different geometrical models were obtained by using the finite element software LS-DYNA.The objective functions were constructed based on the radial basis function.The multi-objective optimization for the thin-walled cylinders with the induced indentations was presented by using the ideal point method.The number and the radius of the optimal indentations were obtained.So the optimization design was achieved for the ideal indentations.

Key words:

图 1 薄壁圆管模型

Figure 1. Analysis model of the thin-walled cylinder

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图 2 静态应力应变关系曲线

Figure 2. Relation between static stress and strain

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图 3 改进结构模型

Figure 3. The improved structural model

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图 4 比吸能与变量m和r的变化关系

Figure 4. Specific energy absorption varied with m and r

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图 5 压溃力效率与变量m和r的变化关系

Figure 5. Crushing force efficiency varied with m and r

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图 6 优化后薄壁结构模型

Figure 6. Optimized thin-walled structure models

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图 7 压溃力随压溃位移变化关系

Figure 7. Crushing force varied with crushing displacement

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图 8 总吸能随压溃时间变化关系

Figure 8. Total energy absorption varied with crushing time

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图 9 优化后构件叠缩变形

Figure 9. Progressive folding deformation of optimized component

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表 1 有限元模型结果与实验结果^[7]对比

Table 1. Comparison of experimental result^[7] and finife element model

F_max/kN			E/kJ			δ_max/mm
实验^[7]	有限元	ε/%	实验^[7]	有限元	ε/%	实验^[7]	有限元	ε/%
120.30	120.09	0.2	2.95	2.94	0.3	64.10	58.40	8.9

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表 2 改进模型的有限元分析结果及实验值对比

Table 2. Comparison of the improved model between experiment and simulation

m	F_max/kN		F_m/kN	η	E/kJ		χ/(kJ·kg^-1)
m	实验	有限元	F_m/kN	η	实验	有限元	χ/(kJ·kg^-1)
0	120.30	120.09	50.36	0.420 0	2.95	2.94	55.60
1	80.26	77.82	46.14	0.592 9	2.93	2.91	54.29
2	91.63	88.39	42.48	0.480 6	2.87	2.90	53.90
3	94.32	89.26	42.32	0.474 1	2.90	2.93	54.26
4	90.53	87.12	40.92	0.469 7	2.91	2.94	54.24

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表 3 单目标函数优化结果

Table 3. Optimums of single objective functions

单目标函数	m	r/mm	χ/(kJ·kg^-1)	η
max χ	1	0.800	54.29	0.592 9
max η	4	1.198	51.94	0.682 5

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