Influence of detonation velocity on interface and combination performances of Al/316L composite tube by explosive welding
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摘要: 通过在粉状乳化炸药中添加不同比例的密度调节剂，配制了爆速范围为1 450~2 550 m/s的低爆速炸药；采用该爆速炸药进行了铝/不锈钢复合管爆炸焊接实验，结合最小碰撞速度理论，对实验结果及其界面微观结构和结合强度进行了测试和分析，确定该复合管爆炸焊接的合适爆速约为1 950~2 150 m/s，其结合质量能够满足后续加工要求；同时发现界面由介于直线与波形之间的波状形态组成，且呈现不太规则的扁平波状结合，经分析，炸药爆速、复合管的爆炸焊接环境和爆炸产物飞散条件对界面结合波形及熔化层厚度有很大影响。Abstract: To obtain low detonation velocity explosive, commercial attenuant was blended into the emulsion explosive. The detonation velocity of compound explosive changes from 2 550 m/s to 1 450 m/s. Through analyzing the result of mechanical properties test and microstructure test of the Al/316L composite tubes which were fabricated by explosive welding of compound explosives, the appropriate detonation velocity (1 950~2 150 m/s) for the explosive welding of composite tube is obtained, and the combination quality of the composite tubes meet the subsequent processing requirement. The shape of the interface waveform is between line and wave. Interfacial wave also has poor rule of periodic variation. The reasons are that detonation velocity is important to the process, the explosion product does not scatter in the direction of tube diameter and the time that detonation products inside the tube affect to the flyer tube is longer than the flyer plate in the explosive welding process.
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图 2 5种爆速下复合管内表面及剖面基本情况
Figure 2. Inner surface and section of the composite tubes in five kinds of detonation velocity
表 1 不同配比的粉状乳化炸药爆速测试结果
Table 1. Experimental results of detonation velocity of emulsion explosive
炸药序号 Re/mm ϕ(NaCl)/% v/(m·s-1) va/(m·s-1) 1 11 5 257 4，255 4，254 1 255 0 2 11 10 229 4，233 5，243 0 235 0 3 11 20 219 0，212 3，222 1 215 0 4 11 30 193 0，186 5，195 6 195 0 5 11 40 148 0，144 1，142 0 145 0 6 11 46 炸药未起爆 
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表 2 铝复管和不锈钢基管的基本力学性能及尺寸
Table 2. Basic performance parameters of the Al flyer tube and stainless steel base tube
材料 ρ/(g·cm-3) σs/MPa σb/MPa μ Hv/MPa r/mm l/mm s/mm 不锈钢316L 7.98 170 480 0.30 1 862.0 15 400 2 纯铝1060 2.71 100 143 0.33 707.5 11 400 1
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表 3 与表 1对应的不同序号炸药计算得到的铝复管碰撞速度
Table 3. Collision speed of Al tube by calculated from different explosives in table 1
炸药序号 R vd/(m·s-1) vp/(m·s-1) 1 0.745 0 2 550 470 2 0.707 8 2 350 422 3 0.670 0 2 150 380 4 0.630 0 1 950 321 5 0.596 0 1 450 228
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