Experimental study of supercavitating flows induced by oblique and vertical water entry of blunt bodies
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摘要: 对4种不同头型的钝体、以不同初始速度在小倾斜角度和垂直状态下入水，所产生的空泡流进行了的实验观察，分析了不同工况下空泡产生和发展的特性。实验结果表明：对于倾斜入水及垂直入水，圆台头和平头(即空化器均为圆盘)实验体均能形成较稳定的入水弹道；初始入水速度较低时，空泡的闭合方式为深闭合；初始入水速度较高时，空泡的闭合方式为表面闭合，且运动速度衰减得更快。测量得知，钝体倾斜入水产生的空泡的前部外形轮廓与Logvinovich的半经验公式给出的结果相吻合。在垂直入水的情况下，调查了物体头部对空泡的起始点位置及其形态的影响。Abstract: Small-angle oblique and vertical water entry experiments were carried out to observe the supercavitation generated by the blunt bodies with different initial velocities. The development features of the supercavitation in different cases were analyzed. Experimental results show that for small-angle oblique and vertical water entry, the the round-head and flat-head (disc cavitator) blunt bodies can form stable trajectories. When the initial water-entry velocity is lower, the closure mode of the cavity is deep closure. When the initial water-entry velocity is higher, the closure mode of the cavity is surface closure, and its speed decay rate is larger. For the supercavity generated by the small-angle oblique water entry of the blunt bodies, the front part of the supercavity contour is in agreement with the result by G.V. Logvinovich's semi-empirical formula. For the vertical water entry of the blunt bodies, the influences of the head shapes were discussed on the beginning points and morphologies of the supercavities.
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Key words:
- mechanics of explosion /
- supercavity morphology /
- oblique water entry /
- blunt body /
- velocity /
- free surface
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图 13 不同初速度下钝体入水后的位移和速度对比
Figure 13. Comparison of displacement and velocity after water entry among the blunt bodies with different initial velocities
图 15 工况3实验和Logvinovich理论确定的超空泡外形轮廓位置
Figure 15. The cavity contours by current experiment in case 3 and Logvinovich's theory
图 16 垂直冲击入水时钝体头部形状对超空泡发生位置的影响
Figure 16. The dependence of the supercavitation beginning points on the head shapse of blunt bodies in the case of vertical water entry
表 1 不同工况下的实验参数
Table 1. Experimental parameters in different cases
工况 头型 p0/MPa α/(°) m/g v0/(m·s-1) 1 平头 0.3 18 3.569 9 14.64 2 圆头 0.3 18 3.445 8 9.58 3 圆台头 0.2 18 2.992 8 6.29 4 圆台头 0.3 18 2.992 8 12.24 5 圆台头 0.5 18 2.992 8 35.35 6 圆台头 1.0 18 2.992 8 82.76 7 尖头 0.3 18 3.305 9 14.19 8 平头 重力加速 90 18.131 3 4.425 9 圆头 重力加速 90 17.580 8 4.560 10 尖头 重力加速 90 17.050 3 4.545 
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