Failure characteristics of floating-roof oil storage tanks subjected to blast impact
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摘要: 通过模型实验与数值模拟结果对比，探讨了浮顶油罐在可燃蒸气云爆炸冲击作用下的变形过程和破坏机理。研究发现，罐体失稳破坏的主要原因与爆炸冲击波和油罐内液体的复合冲量作用有关，在爆炸冲击作用下浮顶油罐模型产生剧烈振动，迎爆面上部罐壁形成动应力集中现象，最终导致罐体失稳并产生内凹动力屈曲破坏。Abstract: The failure mode and mechanism of floating-roof oil storage tanks under the blast impact through the combustible gas explosion were discussed, on the basis of the scaled model tests and the numerical simulations comprehensively. It is found that the coupled impact effect of the blast wave and the liquid resulted in the bulking failure and damage of the oil storage tank body. In the process of the violent vibration, the stress concentration appeared on the upper area of the scaled model, and the tank body lost its stability and generated the concave formation and dynamic buckling area.
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图 3 容积为5×104 m3的浮顶罐缩比实验模型和有限元模型
Figure 3. A scaled test model and a finite element model for the floating-roof tank with the volume of 5×104 m3
图 4 容积为5×104 m3缩比实验模型罐壁不同测点的超压时程曲线对比
Figure 4. Contrast of overpressure history curves at different survey points from the floating-roof tank with the volume of 5×104 m3
图 5 容积为5×104 m3的浮顶油罐缩比模型破坏形态对比
Figure 5. Contrast of damage states between experiment and simulation for the floating-roof tank with the volume of 5×104 m3
表 1 浮顶油罐缩比模型特征参数
Table 1. Characteristic parameter of the scaled models for floating-roof oil storage tanks
材料 V/m3 λ D/mm H/mm δ/mm Q235-A 15×104 100 1 100 219 1.5 Q235-A 10×104 100 800 220 1.2 Q235-A 5×104 65 923 315 1.2 
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表 2 乙炔/空气混合气体与空气域数值模型相关参数
Table 2. Numerical model related parameters for acetylene/air mixture and air
材料 ρ/(kg·m-3) D/(m·s-1) pCJ/GPa C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 E0/(MJ·m-3) V0 混合气体 1.278 2 011 2.28 0 0 0 0 0.262 0.262 0 4.348 1.0 空气 1.293 -1.0×105 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 1.0
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表 3 容积为5×104 m3的缩比模型罐壁超压
Table 3. Overpressures of the wall for the floating-roof tank with the volume of 5×104 m3
测点 Δpp/MPa rΔpp/% t+/ms rt+/% 实验 数值模拟 实验 数值模拟 A 0.315 0.33 4.7 5.23 4.79 8.4 B 0.198 0.17 14.1 4.9 5.51 12.5
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表 4 容积为5×104 m3的缩比模型罐壁动态应变峰值
Table 4. Dynamic strain peaks tested at different survey points from the scaled floating-roof tank model with the volume of 5×104 m3
测点 εd, p/10-6 rεd, p/% 实验 数值模拟 1 1 612 1 985 23.1 2 -1 409 -1 138 19.2 3 -1 604 4 1 140 1 242 8.9 5 1 059 992 6.3 6 752 579 23.0
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