Discarding the sabot of a high-velocity projectile by a laminated wood target
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摘要: 利用实验和数值模拟方法研究一种利用层合松木靶作为脱壳装置的机械式脱壳方法。首先讨论了一种正交各向异性材料模型用于高速侵彻木材的可行性及其参数变化规律，结合美军的高速侵彻实验数据对数值模拟方案进行了验证与确认。在此基础上，讨论了不同弹靶作用下含弹托弹体对松木靶的侵彻/贯穿规律。数值模拟与实验研究结果表明：在垂直入射条件下，通过合理的层合木靶设计可对次口径发射弹体有效脱壳，高速侵彻弹体可垂直入射靶板，弹体速度衰减可控；在初始攻角入射条件下，层合靶将使高速侵彻弹体攻角放大。随入射速度增加，弹体贯穿层合木靶消耗动能增加，体现了木材具有明显的应变率增强效应。Abstract: Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to explore a mechanical method for discarding the sabot of a high-velocity projectile by a laminated wood target. First, the feasibility and parametric regular pattern of an orthotropic material model for wood in numerical simulation were discussed. And the numerical simulation program was verified and validated by combining with the hyper-speed penetration experimental data of U.S. Army. Then, the penetration/perforation phenomena were analyzed for a sabot-contained projectile impacting a laminated wood target under different conditions. The numerically simulated and experimental results show the followings. Under normal impact, the sabot of a sub-caliber projectile can be discarded effectively by a reasonably-designed laminated wood target, the projectile can penetrate vertically into the target and its velocity attenuation can be controllable. Under oblique impact, a laminated wood target can induce the attack angel of the projectile to increase. With the increasing of impact velocity, the consumption of a projectile's kinetic energy increases, which indicates that wood has an apparent strain-rate strengthening effect.
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图 2 数值模拟得到的含水质量分数30%的木材的应力应变关系
Figure 2. Stress-strain relationships obtained by numerical simulation for the wood with the water mass fraction of 30%
图 3 在模拟与实验速度衰减和过载历史对比
Figure 3. Experimental velocity and deceleration histories compared with ones by numerical simulation
图 4 不同着速弹丸贯穿同一厚度层合木靶的动能损失
Figure 4. The kinetic energy loss of the projectiles with different impact velocities penetrating into the laminated wood targets with the same thickness
图 7 高速侵彻弹体贯穿层合松木靶实验照片
Figure 7. Photos for high-velocity projectiles penetrating into laminated pine targets
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