岩爆岩石断裂的微观结构形貌分析及岩爆机理

赵康; 赵红宇; 贾群燕

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2015)06-0913-06

岩爆岩石断裂的微观结构形貌分析及岩爆机理

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2015)06-0913-06

江西理工大学建筑与测绘工程学院, 江西赣州 341000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(51304083)；教育部科学技术研究重大项目基金(413045)；江西省自然科学青年基金项目(20142BAB216020)；江西省科技支撑计划项目(20132BBG70106)；江西理工大学重点课题(NSFJ2014-K02)

详细信息

作者简介:
赵康(1980—), 男, 博士, 副教授, zhaok_666666@163.com

中图分类号: O389;TU452
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-04-17
- 修回日期: 2014-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2015-12-10

An analysis of rockburst fracture micromorphology and study of its mechanism

School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China

摘要

摘要: 利用扫描电镜(SEM)对岩爆岩石断口微观形貌特征进行研究分析，从微观角度探索岩爆产生的机理。通过对平顶山十二矿岩爆现场取样对其断口形貌特征与地应力和岩石成分之间关系进行研究。巷道围岩劈裂岩块断口形貌多呈台阶状，劈裂面与地应力最大主应力方向平行，岩石断口属拉张断裂，劈裂纹的产生主要是脆性断裂；岩爆抛射出的岩块断口形貌非常复杂，裂面与切应力(最大主应力)方向平行或相交，不同平面内的微裂纹通过与岩爆裂纹间的微裂纹或受撕裂作用形成台阶，表面不平整，属于拉张或剪切型断裂。岩石细观成分对岩爆的影响也较大，结晶程度高、结构致密的硬脆岩石更易发生岩爆。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 微观形貌 /
- 扫描电镜 /
- 岩爆 /
- 岩石断口 /
- 地应力 /
- 岩石成分
Abstract: The micromorphological characteristics of rock failure surface by rockburst are analyzed and studied with the scanning electron microscope to explore the rockburst mechanism. The relation between rock failure surface morphology with stress and rock constituent is studied with rock samples from the rockburst site of the 12th Pingdingshan Mine. The results show the rock failure surface of surrounding rock of roadway presents a step-like shape, and the split surface is parallel to the orientation of the maximum principal stress of in-situ stress; the rock failure surface belongs to a draw-stretch fracture, where the crack is brittle. The rock failure surface morphology with rockburst casting is very complicated, and the broken face is parallel to or intersected with the direction of the shear stress (maximum principal stress). The microcrack on different planes form steps with those among rockburst cracks or under tearing effect, with uneven surfaces, which can be defined as stretch-draw or shearing fracture. Rock micro-components have a greater effect on rockburst, and the rockburst occurs more likely for the compact and brittle rock with a high crystalline degree.
- mechanics of explosion /
- micromorphology /
- scanning electron microscope /
- rockburst /
- rock failure surface /
- in-situ stress /
- rock composition

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图 1 台阶状断口微观形貌

Figure 1. Micromorphological cross section of a step-like crack

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图 2 板状断口微观形貌

Figure 2. Micromorphological cross section of a plate-like crack

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图 3 雾区状断口微观形貌

Figure 3. Micromorphological cross section of a mist zone-like crack

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图 4 沿晶断裂断口微观形貌

Figure 4. Micromorphological cross section of a crack's intergranular fracture

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图 5 岩样1岩石材料的扫描电镜和EDS图谱

Figure 5. SEM and EDS spectrums of No. 1 rock material

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图 6 岩样2岩石材料的扫描电镜和EDS图谱

Figure 6. SEM and EDS spectrums of No. 2 rock material

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表 1 地应力实测结果

Table 1. Results of in-situ stress measurements

测点	最大主应力			中间主应力			最小主应力
测点	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)	σ/MPa	方位α/(°)	倾角β/(°)
进风巷A	24.7	219	37	12.6	119	13	5.1	13	50
进风巷B	29.7	235	45	11.9	104	34	6.6	355	27

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表 2 岩样1元素成分分析

Table 2. Component analysis of No.1 rock material

元素	w/%	a/%
C	27.78	55.64
O	11.11	16.71
Na	1.52	1.59
Si	1.85	1.59
Cl	0.62	0.42
Ca	0.76	0.45
Cr	5.88	2.72
Fe	9.82	4.23
Ni	40.65	16.65

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表 3 岩样2元素成分分析

Table 3. Component analysis of No.2 rock material

元素	w/%	a/%
C	27.05	54.90
O	10.54	16.05
Si	3.67	3.18
Cr	23.72	11.12
Fe	9.63	4.20
Ni	25.40	10.55

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