Experimental study on gas explosion hazard under different temperatures and pressures
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摘要: 为了研究瓦斯的爆炸危险性，选取对其影响较大的初始温度和初始压力进行实验研究。运用特殊环境20 L爆炸特性测试系统，对不同初始温度(25~200 ℃)和初始压力(0.1~1.0 MPa)条件下瓦斯的爆炸极限、最大爆炸压力和点火延迟时间进行实验研究。结果表明：高温高压条件使瓦斯的爆炸上限升高、下限降低，爆炸极限范围扩大；随着初始温度升高，瓦斯爆炸的最大爆炸压力逐渐减小；初始温度越高，点火延迟时间越短。通过对实验结果的分析，运用安全原理知识和危险度定义，给出初步评估瓦斯爆炸危险性的方法。Abstract: In order to study the gas explosion hazards under different initial temperatures and high pressures, an experimental study was conducted on methane/air explosion under high temperatures and pressures with a special environmental testing system for studying explosion characteristics, with which the explosion limits were obtained under high temperatures (25-200℃) and high pressures (0.1-1.0 MPa) and so were the maximum explosion pressure and ignition delay time were also under high initial temperatures (25-200 ℃). The experimental results show that with the initial temperature and pressure rising up, the upper gas explosive limit increases, its lower limit decreases, resulting in a widened range of explosive limits. Compared with the narrower range of explosive limits under ordinary temperatures and pressures, the width of the explosive range at 200 ℃ and 1.0 MPa was increased by 101.77% so that the gas explosive probability increases. With the initial temperature rising up, the maximum gas explosive pressure decreases. Compared with the maximum explosive pressure at 25 ℃ and 0.1 MPa, the one at 200 ℃ and 0.1 MPa decreases by 35.89%. When the initial temperature increases, the ignition delay time of gas explosion is shortened. Based on the analysis of the experimental results and the reference of safety principles, a preliminary assessment method of the gas explosion hazard is put forward, which provides a certain basis for the prevention and treatment of gas explosion.
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图 1 特殊环境爆炸特性测试系统
Figure 1. Test system of special environmental explosion characteristics
图 2 不同初始压力下瓦斯爆炸极限与初始温度关系
Figure 2. Relation between explosive limit and initial temperature of gas under different initial pressures
图 3 不同初始温度下瓦斯爆炸压力变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation of explosion pressure under different initial temperatures
图 4 最大爆炸压力随初始温度的变化曲线
Figure 4. The maximum explosion pressure varying with various initial temperatures
图 5 点火延迟时间随初始温度的变化曲线
Figure 5. Variation of ignition delay time with various initial temperatures
表 1 爆炸上限公式拟合参数
Table 1. Parameters of upper explosion limit fitting formula
p0/MPa a b c R2 0.1 -5.55 374.64 20.97 0.997 2 0.2 -3.29 73.33 19.41 0.972 1 0.4 -4.23 69.39 21.35 0.967 0 0.6 -5.30 83.18 23.52 0.984 3 0.8 -6.17 135.33 25.98 0.997 2 1.0 -6.85 133.29 27.16 0.993 8 
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表 2 爆炸下限公式拟合参数
Table 2. Parameters of lower explosion limit fitting formula
p0/MPa a b c R2 0.1 -0.55 -327.28 5.66 0.999 5 0.2 -0.72 -380.04 5.81 0.992 8 0.4 1.04 250.38 3.95 0.995 3 0.6 0.85 180.15 3.99 0.994 0 0.8 0.74 130.58 3.99 0.988 4 1.0 0.69 123.45 3.92 0.982 5
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表 3 部分主要基元反应
Table 3. Partial main elementary reactions
基元反应 化学反应方程式 R38 H+O2=O+OH R53 H+CH4=CH3+H2 R98 OH+CH4=CH3+H2O R118 HO2+CH3=O2+CH4 R119 HO2+CH3=OH+CH3O R155 CH3+O2=O+CH3O R156 CH3+O2=OH+CH2O
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