Review of pyroshock simulation andresponse prediction methods in spacecraft
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摘要: 航天器火工冲击力学环境是由星箭分离、部组件展开等工作过程中的火工品起爆引起的作用于结构上的高频、高加速度量级的瞬态冲击响应，能对航天器上含有晶振、脆性材料等的精密电子设备造成致命损伤，是航天器需要经历的最苛刻的力学环境之一。本文中，对国内外航天器火工冲击地面试验方法和环境预示方法做了全面、详细的介绍，总结了这两个方面的研究进展，分析了我国在这两个方面与航天强国的差距。最后，从我国航天工程实际需求出发，提出了今后航天器火工冲击领域应重点开展的研究方向。Abstract: The pyroshock environment of satellite-rocket separation is the severest mechanical environment during launching, which is characterized by transient high acceleration and high frequency. While it does not necessarily cause a satellite any structural damage, pyroshock may incur most serious damages on a satellite's precision electronic equipments containing crystals and brittle materials, resulting in either the failure of the entire mission or even catastrophic accidents. Therefore, during the development of a new spacecraft, an accurate prediction of the pyroshock environment and a reasonable specification and determination for components are essential. In this paper, a research review of ground simulation test methods and the pyroshock response prediction is presented, and the technological gap between China and countries highly developed in field is pointed out. In addition to that, according to the requirements of China's domestic space engineering, the main research directions in the pyroshock are proposed.
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表 1 试验外推方法比较
Table 1. Comparison of different extrapolations
方法 准确性 可操作性 控制参数 适用范围 经验模型法 预示精度较低 简便 距冲击源距离、冲击源类型、过连接面数目、材料和结构类型 任意型号适用 数据外推法 准确性较高 简便 结构构型、冲击源能量、距冲击源距离 新型航天器和参考航天器采用的火工品和结构构型相似 子结构路径外推法 准确性较高 相对复杂 传递路径上的连接数、距冲击源轴向距离、距冲击源径向距离 特定型号航天器 
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