高能炸药摩擦感度的数值模拟

林文洲; 洪滔

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2016)06-0745-07

高能炸药摩擦感度的数值模拟

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2016)06-0745-07

林文洲,
洪滔

北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100094

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 11372051

中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金项目 2012A0101004

中国工程物理研究院院长基金项目 2014-1-042

详细信息

作者简介:
林文洲(1980—)，男，博士，副研究员, a3238wen@hotmail.com

中图分类号: O381
计量
- 文章访问数: 4550
- HTML全文浏览量: 1176
- PDF下载量: 498
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-02-10
- 修回日期: 2015-07-24
- 刊出日期: 2016-11-25

Numerical simulation of friction sensitivity of high explosives

Institute of Applied physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究炸药摩擦安全性，利用熔化摩擦模型对几种高能炸药的摩擦感度进行了数值模拟，结果符合实验，并根据热分解反应速率分析了感度规律。由于炸药熔点一般低于点火温度，所以基于一个考虑熔化现象的炸药摩擦模型，在炸药感度实验条件下进行了一维数值模拟，给出了炸药熔化结果和摩擦点火的时间：4种摩擦感度较弱的炸药包括DATB、NQ、TATB和TNT的点火时间的顺序即感度顺序符合实验结果，说明摩擦点火模型适应性。进一步结合炸药热分解反应速率的大小顺序，数值模拟证明，在一定摩擦强度下，点火顺序会发生交换，说明摩擦感度实验不能完全说明炸药摩擦感度强弱顺序。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 摩擦感度 /
- 摩擦点火模型 /
- 高能炸药 /
- 熔化 /
- 热分解反应速率
Abstract: In order to study the explosive friction safety, a numerical simulation of high explosive friction sensitivity experiment was performed based on a melting friction model. The numerical results agree with the experiment results. The law of friction sensitivity was then analyzed based on the thermal decomposition rate. As the melting temperature is usually lower than the ignition temperature, a one-dimension numerical simulation of sensitivity experiment was conducted using a model that took account of melting, and the ignition times and melting results were obtained. The order of four explosives' ignition time including DATB, NQ, TATB and TNT meet agree with the experiment results, proving the applicability of the model. Furthermore, based on the order of the thermal decomposition rate, the numerical results have proved that, when the friction strength reaches certain degrees, the order of ignition time will change, which means that the sensitivity experiment cannot fully describe the order of the explosive sensitivity.
- mechanics of explosion /
- friction sensitivity /
- friction ignition model /
- high explosive /
- melt /
- thermal decomposition rate

HTML全文

图 1 炸药与材料摩擦示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of frictionbetween explosive and material

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 炸药摩擦感度实验简图

Figure 2. Illustration of explosivefriction sensitivity experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 炸药摩擦界面的温度

Figure 3. Explosive's temperatures on friction interfaces

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 炸药中的温度分布

Figure 4. Explosive's temperature distribution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 高能炸药的热分解速率

Figure 5. Explosive's rate of thermal decomposition

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 3种炸药的点火时间、点火温度和熔化区厚度

Figure 6. Ignition time, temperature and molten zone thickness for three explosives

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 单质炸药的摩擦感度^[10]

Table 1. Friction sensitivity of simple explosive

炸药	η/%	炸药	η/%
HMX	92~100	TNT	4~6
PETN	92, 100	TATB	0~4
RDX	76±8	DATB	0~4
Tetryl	12	NQ	0

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 材料参数^{[10, 13]}

Table 2. Material parameters

材料	ρ/(kg·m^-3)	c/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	k/(J·m^-1·s^-1·K^-1)	k_m/(J·m^-1·s^-1·K^-1)	Q/(MJ·kg^-1)	E_a/(kJ·mol^-1)	Z/s^-1	L/(kJ·kg^-1)	T_m/K
TNT	1 654	1 062.76	0.260 3	0.266 20	1.26	144	2.51×10¹¹	521	353.9
DATB	1 834	1 092.05	0.259 0	0.259 70	1.26	194	1.17×10¹⁵	344	559.0
TATB	1 930	899.58	0.543 9	0.182 34	2.51	251	3.18×10¹⁹	652	721.0
NQ	1 690	1 125.52	0.410 0	0.626 40	2.09	87.4	2.87×10⁷	402	518.0
Fe	7 840	465	49.8	－	－	－	－	－	－

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 3种炸药的点火时间、点火温度和熔化区厚度

Table 3. Ignition time, temperature and molten zone thickness for three explosives

炸药	p/MPa	t_i/s	T_i/K	h_m/μm
TATB	400	0.52×10^-3	860	1.03
	40	0.026	770	3.48
	4	0.65	690	0
	0.4	28	640	0
DATB	400	0.74×10^-3	940	5.71
	40	0.075	790	4. 11
	4	4.4	690	203.5
	0.4	206	620	712. 1
NQ	400	2.6	1 300	22.71
	40	0.095	800	85. 87
	4	2.7	640	242. 4
	0.4	19	540	3 517.3

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(14)

[1]	Asay B W. Shock wave science and technology reference library: Non-shock initiation of explosives[M]. Springer, 2010:537-554.
[2]	戴振东.摩擦体系热力学引论[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2002:1-4.
[3]	Glenn J G, Foster J C, Gunger M. A test method and model to determine the thermal initiation properties of an energetic material in a low pressure long duration event[C]//Proceedings of Twelfth Symposium (International) on Detonation. San Diego, California, 2002: 299-307.
[4]	Birk A, Baker P, Kooker D E. Nondetonative explosions and burning of composition-B explosive[C]//Proceedings of Seventh twelfth Symposium (International) on Detonation. San Diego, California, 2002: 248-257.
[5]	Diens J K. A fractional hot-spot theory for peopellant sensitivity[C]//Proceedings of Second JANNAF Propulsion Syetems Hazards Meeting. China Lake, California, 1982: 200-208.
[6]	Hoffman D, Chandler J. Aspects of the tribology of the plastic bonded explosive LX-04[J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2004, 29(6):368-373. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1521-4087
[7]	Wu Yanqing, Huang Fenglei. Frictional properties of explosive single crystals of HMX, RDX and PETN and a model of impact ignition by frictional heating[C]//Proceedings of Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Detonation. Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, 2010: 324-333.
[8]	林文洲, 洪滔.高能炸药摩擦感度理论初步研究[J].含能材料, 2007, 15(1):12-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2007.01.004 Lin Wenzhou, Hong Tao. Theoretical analysis on friction sensitivity of high explosive[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2007, 15(1):12-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2007.01.004
[9]	林文洲.摩擦条件下的炸药热爆炸问题的研究[D].北京: 中国工程物理研究院研究生部, 2007.
[10]	董海山, 周芬芬.高能炸药及相关物性能[M].北京:科学出版社, 1989:107-109.
[11]	孙锦山, 朱建士.理论爆轰物理[M].北京:国防科技出版社, 1995:325-327.
[12]	陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 1988:590-592.
[13]	Gibbs T R, Popolato A. LASL explosive property data[M]. USA: University of California Press, 1980:37-176.
[14]	Hirsehfelder J O, Curtis C F, Bird R B. Molecular theory of gases and liquids[M]. USA: University of Wisconsin Press, 1954:100-101.