爆轰加载下银气溶胶源项实验研究

刘文杰; 马庆鹏; 王鹏来

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2016)06-0774-07

爆轰加载下银气溶胶源项实验研究

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2016)06-0774-07

中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 21307119

详细信息

作者简介:
刘文杰(1982—)，男，博士，副研究员

通讯作者:
马庆鹏, maqingpeng@caep.cn

中图分类号: O381
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-04-09
- 修回日期: 2015-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2016-11-25

Experimental research of silver aerosol source-termunder explosive detonation

Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 为研究钚气溶胶生成规律及源项分布，提出了一种密封环境下的金属气溶胶源项实验方法，利用爆炸容器及气溶胶采样器等实验设备，开展了钚替代材料银的气溶胶源项生成实验，分析了空气动力学直径小于10 μm的银气溶胶源项分布特性，并与外场扩散试验中钚气溶胶数据进行了对比。进一步采用不同炸药及加载装置，对相同银片样品进行加载实验，研究了加载峰值压力对银气溶胶源项分布的影响。研究结果表明，金属银可作为替代材料研究爆轰加载条件下钚气溶胶的源项参数，在一定实验条件下，二者归一化积累质量分布具有较高的一致性；爆轰加载产生的银气溶胶中，较小粒径气溶胶质量含量较高。气溶胶总量与加载峰值压力呈二次函数分布，当峰值压力超过某个临界值时，气溶胶总量将达到极值；此外，通过对同发次实验的3次不同采样数据进行分析，发现了较明显的气溶胶凝并和沉降现象。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 粒径分布 /
- 归一化积累质量 /
- 银气溶胶 /
- 源项 /
- 钚气溶胶
Abstract: An experimental method in the confinement vessel for silver aerosol source-term investigation of metal under high explosive detonation was designed to simulate the plutonium aerosol source-term of nuclear devices under the circumstance of high explosive detonation. Seven silver source-term experiments under variable explosive pressure were conducted in the aerosol facility and the size distribution characteristics of the silver aerosol with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm were examined and compared with the data from the field test. The results show that the silver aerosol source-term under specific conditions has good agreement with the plutonium aerosol source-term obtained by the U. S. government under test conditions simulating an open-air detonation accident of nuclear device. The amount of the silver aerosolized in the experiment is determined by the peak value of high explosive pressure that acted on the silver plate and exhibited a quadratic polynomial. The silver aerosol with an aerodynamic diameter ranging from 0.7 to 3.3 μm account for the major part of the silver aerosol induced by high explosive detonation. When the peak value exceeds a certain critical value, the total amount of aerosol reaches the maximum. Settlement and combination of aerosol were observed in the comparative analysis of the size-mass distribution of the samples collected at different times after the explosion.
- mechanics of explosion /
- size distribution /
- cumulative mass /
- silver aerosol /
- source-term /
- plutonium aerosol

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图 1 爆轰加载金属银气溶胶实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of experimental setup

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图 2 安德森八级撞击式气溶胶采样器

Figure 2. Anderson 8 stage non-viable cascade impactor

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图 3 平面对碰爆轰加载装置示意图

Figure 3. Sketch of detonative device

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图 4 爆轰加载下银气溶胶源项生成数据标定

Figure 4. Calibration of silver aerosol source-termafter explosion

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图 5 银气溶胶源项分布

Figure 5. Distribution of silver aerosol source-term

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图 6 实验3气溶胶源项分布

Figure 6. Source-term of silver aerosol of experiment 3

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图 7 不同峰值压力下采样中银气溶胶总量

Figure 7. Amount of silver aerosol under different pressures

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表 1 实验状态参数

Table 1. Experimental details

实验	炸药	加载方式	p/GPa
1	RHT-901	平面对碰	119.0
2	RHT-901	平面对碰	119.0
3	RHT-901	平面对碰	119.0
4	RHT-901	单面加载	45.85
5	TNT	平面对碰	83.11
6	TNT	单面加载	33.12
7	RTB-904	平面对碰	40.82

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表 2 银气溶胶采样数据

Table 2. Data of collected samples of silver aerosol

采样	m/μg									M/μg	t/s
采样	0~0.4	0.4~0.7	0.7~1.1	1.1~2.1	2.1~3.3	3.3~4.7	4.7~5.8	5.8~9	9~10	M/μg	t/s
1	1.01	48.6	85	59.5	122	31.8	14.5	21.4	14.9	398.71	58
2	1.01	6.06	42.2	115	33.4	17.2	8.96	10.5	13.4	247.73	46
3a	0.88	9.29	58.6	126	26.5	5.12	1.8	1.92	1.84	231.95	387
3b	0.39	0.32	1.32	2.43	1.7	0.82	0.31	0.86	1.46	9.61	3 600
3c	0.28	0.28	0.7	1.62	1.89	1.86	1.17	2.83	3.95	14.58	7 200
4	0.34	24.5	505	1 080	261	49.8	18.6	22.2	14.2	1 975.64	34
5	7.03	24.3	292	924	437	202	69.5	49.9	66.6	2 072.33	34
6	1.74	33.6	90.1	372	597	104	35.5	29.1	25.8	1 288.84	33
7	1.75	44.4	137	367	493	320	114	109	73.2	1 659.35	30

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表 3 电化学消解银标样试液浓度

Table 3. Calibration error of samples

编号	ρ_s/(μg·L^-1)	ρ_m/(μg·L^-1)
1	5	5.021
2	30	30.592
3	30	30.471
4	30	29.982

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