顺层岩质边坡爆破的振动控制及损伤特性

王智德; 夏元友; 周雄; 夏国邦; 杨金华

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)01-0027-10

顺层岩质边坡爆破的振动控制及损伤特性

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)01-0027-10

王智德^1,,
夏元友^1, ,,
周雄¹,
夏国邦²,
杨金华^{1, 3}

1.
武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院，湖北武汉 430070
2.
云南省公路开发投资有限公司，云南昆明 650101
3.
云南交通职业技术学院建筑工程学院，云南昆明 650101

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51374163

云南省交通运输厅2010科技专项项目云交科2010(A)07-a

详细信息

作者简介:
王智德(1983—)，男，博士

通讯作者:
夏元友，xiayy1965@126.com

中图分类号: O381;TD235.1
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- 文章访问数: 4710
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-10-08
- 修回日期: 2016-01-14
- 刊出日期: 2017-01-25

Blasting vibration control and damage characteristics of bedding rock slopes

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
2.
Yunnan Highway Development & Investment CO., LTD., Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China
3.
School of Architectural Engineering, Yunnan Jiaotong College, Kunming 650101, Yunnan, China

摘要

摘要: 为了更好地了解顺层岩质边坡爆破开挖时振动速度的传播规律以及坡体的损伤程度，以云南省普宣高速公路顺层边坡爆破开挖为工程背景，利用声波测试结合监测点振动速度的方法，获取坡体不同深度的声速变化及不同位置的振动速度，分析不同药量下单次和多次爆破的坡体损伤范围以及振动速度的衰减规律。研究表明，爆破区任意点的振动速度与损伤深度存在对应关系：对单次爆破，振动速度与损伤深度呈线性关系，而对多次爆破，振动速度与损伤深度呈非线性关系；以声速降低率10%作为损伤界限，并作为爆破控制时，单次爆破对应的临界振动速度为11.54 cm/s，损伤半径为5.57 m；，基于首次爆破的多次爆破临界振动速度为24.20 cm/s，最大损伤半径为7.56 m，并由萨道夫基公式得到2种方式的最大起爆药量。
- 爆炸力学 /
- 爆破控制 /
- 声波测试 /
- 顺层岩质边坡 /
- 损伤
Abstract: In order to understand the law of vibration propagation and the damage degree of the bedding rock slope during blasting excavation, we studied the bedding slope in Puli-Xuanwei Expressway in Yunnan Province as an example. By applying acoustic tests in combination with the monitoring vibration and sound velocities under different depths of the rock mass, we obtained the vibration velocities at different locations after blasting, and analyzed the damage range as well as the propagation and attenuation law of the vibration wave measured of different explosive doses. The results show that the vibration velocity at any point of the blasting area exhibits a corresponding relationship with the damage depth of the slope. It exhibits a linear relation for single explosion and a presents non-linear relation for repeated explosion. Assuming a decrease of 10% in the sound velocity as the damage limit and the control value of blasting, the critical velocity corresponding to single explosion is 11.54 cm/s, the damage radius is 5.57 m, and the critical velocity corresponding to repeated explosion is 24.20 cm/s, the damage radius is 7.56 m. The largest explosive dose is deduced by two ways mentioned above according to the Sadaovsk Formula.
- mechanics of explosion /
- blasting control /
- acoustic test /
- bedding rock slope /
- damage

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图 1 测点(孔)布置示意图

Figure 1. Layout diagram of measuring points

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图 2 声波速度与测试孔深度的关系

Figure 2. Relation between acoustic velocity and test hole depth

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图 3 单次爆破的损伤范围

Figure 3. Damage region induced by single blasting

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图 4 最大药量与累积损伤区域的关系

Figure 4. Relation between largest doses and damage region

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图 5 多次爆破产生的累积损伤范围

Figure 5. Accumulative damage region after repeated blasting

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图 6 多次爆破最大药量与累积损伤区域的关系

Figure 6. Relation between largest explosive mass and damage region after repeated blasting

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图 7 测试孔深度与累积损伤度的关系

Figure 7. Relation between depth and accumulative damage level

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图 8 峰值振动速度与爆距的关系

Figure 8. Relation between peak vibration velocity and explosive distance

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图 9 振动速度与比例药量的关系

Figure 9. Relation between vibration velocity and scale explosive mass

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图 10 衰减参数与药量的关系

Figure 10. Relation between attenuation parameters and explosive mass

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图 11 单次爆破损伤深度、损伤半径与振动速度的关系

Figure 11. Relationbetween damage depth, radius and vibration velocity after single blasting

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图 12 多次爆破最大损伤深度、损伤半径与振动速度的关系

Figure 12. Relation between accumulative damage depth, radius and vibration velocity after repeated blasting

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图 13 爆破开挖示意图

Figure 13. Sketch map of slope blasting excavation

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表 1 爆破声波测试数据

Table 1. Test data of blasting sound wave

Q/kg	测孔编号	R/m	H_d/m	ΔH_d/m
3.2第1次爆破	1-2	3.0	2.4
	2-3	2.4	2.6
	6-7	4.2	1.7
	7-8	4.8	1.1
	8-9	6.3	0.1
	9-10	7.3	0.0
	14-15	5.2	0.6
	16-17	8.8	0.0
4.8第2次爆破	1-2	3.5	2.6	0.2
	2-3	2.8	2.9	0.3
	6-7	2.7	2.8	1.1
	7-8	3.5	2.5	1.4
	8-9	4.4	1.7	1.6
	9-10	5.3	1.0	1.0
	14-15	5.4	0.9	0.3
	16-17	9.6	0.0	0.0
4.8第3次爆破	1-2	5.8	2.6	0.0
	2-3	4.8	2.9	0.0
	6-7	2.2	3.2	0.4
	7-8	2.7	2.9	0.4
	8-9	3.3	2.6	0.9
	9-10	4.2	2.0	1.0
	14-15	6.1	0.9	0.0
	16-17	10.1	0.0	0.0
7.2第4次爆破	1-2	9.1	2.6	0.0
	2-3	8.1	2.9	0.0
	6-7	4.0	3.2	0.0
	7-8	3.2	3.4	0.5
	8-9	2.6	3.5	0.9
	9-10	2.3	3.6	1.6
	14-15	8.3	0.9	0.0
	16-17	11.4	0.0	0.0

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表 2 声速变化率与损伤度汇总

Table 2. Acoustic velocity change rate and damage level

H/m	第1次爆破		第2次爆破		第3次爆破		第4次爆破
H/m	η	D	η	D	η	D	η	D
0.2	9.66	0.184	12.35	0.232	15.93	0.293	17.52	0.320
0.4	10.21	0.194	12.03	0.226	16.76	0.307	18.36	0.334
0.6	10.66	0.202	12.87	0.241	16.94	0.310	17.55	0.320
0.8	11.12	0.210	13.75	0.256	16.70	0.306	18.49	0.336
1.0	11.05	0.209	12.63	0.237	15.05	0.278	18.17	0.330
1.2	9.21	0.176	11.99	0.225	13.62	0.254	20.45	0.367
1.4	10.22	0.194	12.89	0.241	15.36	0.284	18.08	0.329
1.6	10.75	0.204	14.61	0.271	16.48	0.302	17.89	0.326
1.8	9.35	0.178	11.77	0.222	15.12	0.280	16.08	0.296
2.0	7.23	0.139	11.04	0.209	12.52	0.235	14.11	0.262
2.2	3.29	0.065	10.06	0.191	12.92	0.242	13.41	0.250
2.4	2.98	0.059	10.55	0.200	11.93	0.224	13.15	0.246
2.6	1.24	0.025	10.20	0.194	12.98	0.243	13.93	0.259
2.8	2.72	0.054	10.11	0.192	12.70	0.238	14.52	0.269
3.0	1.32	0.026	6.69	0.129	10.92	0.206	12.27	0.230
3.2	2.70	0.053	5.58	0.108	8.72	0.167	9.41	0.179

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表 3 爆破振动速度测试数据

Table 3. Test data of blasting vibration velocity

Q/kg	测点	R/m	V_v/(cm·s^-1)	V_h/(cm·s^-1)
3.2	1#	6.8	9.01	8.80
	2#	15.5	1.02	1.08
	3#	35.1	1.02	1.08
	4#	55.0	0.54	0.68
	5#	14.4	3.11	3.30
	6#	26.1	1.62	1.71
	7#	38.6	1.05	1.14
4.8	1#	4.5	17.50	16.50
	2#	10.6	5.91	6.21
	3#	29.9	1.65	1.97
	4#	49.8	0.75	1.15
	5#	14.3	3.86	4.65
	6#	25.4	2.11	2.71
	7#	36.2	1.35	1.22
4.8	1#	5.1	15.5	13.5
	2#	13.4	5.24	4.65
	3#	33.0	1.55	1.65
	4#	53.0	0.75	0.95
	5#	14.7	4.38	4.25
	6#	25.5	2.56	2.21
	7#	36.2	1.43	1.21
7.2	1#	5.5	17.20	17.50
	2#	8.0	12.20	11.10
	3#	27.0	2.55	2.83
	4#	46.9	1.40	1.81
	5#	14.7	5.01	5.86
	6#	25.6	2.71	3.61
	7#	36.4	1.84	2.21

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表 4 爆破振动速度数据回归结果

Table 4. Regression data of blasting vibration velocity

爆破顺序	方向	衰减参数		相关系数
爆破顺序	方向	K	α	相关系数
第1次	垂直向	3.5	1.29	0.91
第1次	水平向	54.5	1.21	0.95
第2次	垂直向	61.8	1.26	0.97
第2次	水平向	51.5	1.18	0.93
第3次	垂直向	60.5	1.27	0.93
第3次	水平向	51.1	1.16	0.95
第4次	垂直向	60.1	1.21	0.92
第4次	水平向	50.3	1.08	0.91

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