On vibration reduction effect of short millisecond blasting by high-precision detonator based on HHT energy spectrum
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摘要: 为揭示高精度雷管短微差爆破干扰降振机理，选取紫金山金铜矿露天爆破实测的单段波形信号，利用Matlab分析了不同微差间隔下两段叠加信号的时频特征; 综合考虑爆破振动三要素并结合HHT(Hilbert-Huang transform)能量定义降能率，分析了段数、相邻振幅比和最大段药量位置对短微差爆破叠加信号降振效果的影响。根据研究成果，爆破设计时应避免出现前后段数药量差距过大，并尽量将较大药量的段数靠后起爆。研究表明：相同微差间隔下随着段数的增加，叠加信号降能率逐渐增大，当段数达到一定数量后增加分段数，微差爆破的降振效果并不明显; 微差爆破中相邻振幅比越接近1，降振效果越明显; 最大段药量靠后的叠加信号降能率大于其他顺序。Abstract: In order to reveal the mechanism of the interference vibration reduction of the short millisecond blasting of a high-precision detonator, on-site measured single-stage blasting vibration signals were selected to study the time frequency characteristics of the superposed signals in different millisecond intervals using the Matlab program. Comprehensively considering the three elements of the blasting vibration, energy reduction ratio and amplitude ratio were defined based on the HHT energy spectrum to study the influence of the segments, explosive charge ratio and vibration velocity proportion on the vibration reduction effect of the short millisecond blasting. The results show that an extremely big explosive charge ratio nearby should be avoided in the design of the millisecond blasting, and it would be better for a segment with a bigger explosive charge to have a posterior ignition. The research also shows that the energy reduction ratio increases with that of the segments in the same millisecond interval; the energy reduction ratio exhibits little obvious increases with that of the segments after the segments increase to a certain degree; the more similar the vibration characteristics of the two signals are to each other, the more evident the energy reduction effect; the energy reduction ratio of the superposed signals with a posterior vibration velocity proportion is more than the other orders.
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图 1 单段爆破质点振动速度-时间曲线
Figure 1. Particle vibration velocity-time curve of single-stage blasting
图 2 单段爆破振动信号的HHT时频谱
Figure 2. HHT time-frequency spectra of single-stage blasting signal
图 3 不同微差间隔下叠加信号的峰值质点振动速度的变化
Figure 3. Peak particle velocity variations of superimposed signals at different millisecond delay intervals
图 4 不同微差间隔下叠加信号的主频变化
Figure 4. Main frequency variation of superimposed signal at different millisecond delay intervals
图 5 不同微差间隔下叠加信号的降能率
Figure 5. Energy reduction ratios ofsuperimposed signal at different millisecond delay intervals
图 6 短微差间隔下降能率随段数的变化关系
Figure 6. Change of energy reduction ratio with segmentsat short millisecond delay intervals
图 8 Blasting vibration monitoring data
Figure 8. Change of energy reduction ratio with time at different segment positions with the maximum charge
表 1 爆破振动监测数据
Table 1. Blasting vibration monitoring data
编号 药量/kg 高差/m 水平距离/m 质点振动速度峰值/(cm·s-1) 主频/Hz 持续时间/s 1 86 12 120 0.229 1 19.61 0.221 2 117 12 120 0.343 9 40.82 0.180 3 156 12 120 0.450 4 15.63 0.269 4 184 12 120 0.648 4 13.67 0.224 5 210 12 120 0.722 9 24.92 0.283 6 283 12 120 0.962 2 16.74 0.309 7 320 12 120 1.464 1 11.96 0.285 
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