Experimental study and numerical simulation of projectile obliquely penetrating into concrete target
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摘要: 以弹体斜侵彻混凝土的弹道特性为研究内容，通过侵彻实验与数值模拟得到了不同速度下的侵彻深度、开坑尺寸、偏转角等参数，实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。研究结果表明：倾角对开坑深度和开坑形状影响很大；倾角越大，对侵彻深度和偏转角的影响越明显，弹体偏转角随着速度的增大呈现减小的趋势；当倾角增至一定角度后发生跳弹现象，据此得到跳弹极限角与倾角、侵彻速度的关系。Abstract: The ballistic characteristics of the projectile obliquely penetrating into the concrete target were investigated, with such data as the penetration depth, crater depth and diameter, deflection angle obtained via the experiments and simulation calculation. The results from simulation agree well with those from the experiments. The results show that the oblique angle has great influence on the crater zone. The greater the oblique angle, the greater the projectile's deflection; the greater the impact velocity, the less the influence of the ballistic deflection angle; and the ricochet occurs when the oblique angle increases to a certain degree. Thus the relationship was identified between the ricochet angle and the oblique angle and the penetration velocity.
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图 3 倾角侵彻靶面及弹道轨迹
Figure 3. Obliquely penetrated target surface and ballistic trajectory
表 1 倾角侵彻混凝土实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results of oblique penetration into concrete
v/(m·s-1) β/(°) 实验现象 S/cm Yd/cm Xd/cm Xp/cm Yp/cm h/cm δ/(°) 1 018 20 侵入 19.7 22.0 28.0 16.8 23.6 5.6 4.6 920 20 侵入 18.5 15.5 18.0 10.2 18.0 4.0 9.6 853 20 侵入 16.5 25.0 28.0 14.6 14.2 3.6 14.1 1 051 30 侵入 26.0 15.0 18.0 17.5 22.5 5.2 7.6 805 30 侵入 17.5 11.5 14.5 8.7 12.3 3.1 11.2 925 30 侵入 18.1 13.4 16.7 10.3 14.5 3.6 13.4 923 40 侵入 16.3 12.5 15.2 11.2 5.6 2.2 17.5 922 51 跳弹 15.0 10.0 21.0 12.4 2.5 2.5 25.0 1 222 65 跳弹 19.0 21.0 25.0 16.3 5.4 5.4 31.0 
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表 2 混凝土材料模型参数
Table 2. Parameters of concrete material model
ρ/(g·cm-3) A B N C fc/GPa Smax G/GPa D1 D2 2.4 0.79 1.6 0.61 0.007 0.048 7 14.86 0.04 1 εf, min pc/GPa μc/GPa K1/GPa K2/GPa K3/GPa pc/GPa μ1 T/GPa 0.01 0.016 0.001 1 85 -171 208 0.8 0.1 0.004
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表 3 弹体实验与数值模拟结果对比
Table 3. Comparison of experimental with simulated results
编号 v/(m·s-1) β/(°) Yp/cm 误差/% δ/(°) 误差/% 实验 数值模拟 实验 数值模拟 1 1 018 20 23.6 22.1 6.3 4.6 4.9 6.5 2 920 20 18.0 16.8 6.6 9.6 10.5 9.4 3 853 20 14.2 13.4 5.9 14.1 15.3 8.5 4 1 051 30 22.5 20.9 7.7 7.6 8.2 7.9 5 805 30 12.3 11.5 6.9 11.2 12.1 8.1 6 925 30 14.5 13.8 5.4 13.4 14.6 10.3 7 923 40 5.6 5.2 3.6 17.5 19.4 8.2 8 922 51 2.5 2.3 8.6 80.0 84.2 6.7
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