超高强度平头圆柱形弹体对低碳合金钢板的高速撞击实验

任杰; 徐豫新; 王树山

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0629-08

超高强度平头圆柱形弹体对低碳合金钢板的高速撞击实验

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0629-08

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 11402027

详细信息

作者简介:
任杰(1992-)，女，硕士研究生

通讯作者:
徐豫新，xuyuxin@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O385
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-11-30
- 修回日期: 2016-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2017-07-25

High-speed impact of low-carbon alloy steel plates by ultra-high strength blunt projectiles

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 为分析不同组分低碳合金钢板抗超高强度低碳合金钢弹体的高速撞击性能及破坏模式，以两种典型防弹特种钢SS、AS以及常见的Q235A钢为研究对象，通过静态拉伸、静态压缩及动态压缩测试，获得静态拉伸和压缩性能参数以及1 000~6 000 s^-1应变率范围内的力学行为，分析了材料组分与力学性能的相关性。采用弹道枪加载撞击方法，获得了两种超高强度合金钢平头圆柱形弹体对3种钢板(14.5~15.9 mm厚)的弹道极限速度，通过分析获得了不同工况下的极限比吸收能，讨论了合金钢板在弹体高速撞击下破坏模式的差异，分析了材料力学性能与破坏模式的相关性。研究表明：3种合金钢板抗弹体撞击性能与材料屈服强度正相关，但其性能间的差异远小于屈服强度间的差异；在超高强度合金钢平头圆柱形弹体的高速撞击下，3种钢板的失效机制与其力学性能密切相关，Si和Mn含量高的AS钢呈硬脆性特征，其断裂失效主要取决于材料的剪切强度，而Si和Mn含量较低的SS钢和Q235A钢具有良好的塑性，其断裂失效主要取决于材料的压缩强度和剪切强度。
- 破坏模式 /
- 高速撞击 /
- 低碳合金钢 /
- 超高强度弹体
Abstract: To investigate the ballistic resistance and failure mode of three different low-carbon alloy steel plates subjected to ultra-high strength low alloy steel projectiles, we used the typical bulletproof special steels SS and AS and the commonly used Q235A steel for our study in the present research, obtained their static tensile and compression performance and the dynamic mechanical behavior at the strain rate of 1 000 to 6 000 s^-1 by static tension, compression and split Hopkinson pressure bar tests respectively, and analyzed the relationship between material composition and mechanical performance. We also obtained the ballistic limits of these plates (14.5~15.9 mm thick) subjected to two ultra-high strength low alloy steel projectiles by ballistic gun experiments. Furthermore, we compared the specific energy absorption and failure mode of the steel plates under various conditions and analyzed the relationship between the mechanical performance and the failure mode. The results showed a positive correlation between the ballistic resistance and the yield strength, but the differences between the ballistic resistances of the three steel plates are less than that between the yield strength. Finally, the failure mechanism of different steel plates is correlated with different mechanical parameters: for the AS steel plates with a high content of Si and Mn, the main determinant of fracture failure is its shear strength, as is characterized by great hardness and brittleness, while for SS and Q235A steel plate with a low content of Si and Mn the main determinant is its compressive and shear strength, as is characterized by good plasticity.
- failure mode /
- high speed impact /
- low-carbon alloy steel /
- ultra-high strength projectile

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图 1 35CrMnSiA的静态拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 1. Static tensile stress-strain curve of 35CrMnSiA

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图 2 3种合金钢的静态拉伸和压缩测试曲线

Figure 2. Static tensile and compression curves of three kinds of alloy steel

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图 3 3种合金钢的动态压缩测试曲线

Figure 3. Dynamic compression curves of three kinds of alloy steel

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图 4 分离式霍普金森压杆测试前后的样品对比

Figure 4. Samples before and after split Hopkinson pressure bar test

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图 5 实验用测速靶

Figure 5. Speed test target

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图 6 实验装置布局

Figure 6. Experimental setup

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图 7 3种合金钢的极限比吸收能对比

Figure 7. Specific energy absorption ofthree kinds of alloy steel

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图 8 AS钢板的典型破坏形貌

Figure 8. Typical damage of AS steel plate

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图 9 SS钢板的典型破坏形貌

Figure 9. Typical damage of SS steel plate

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图 10 Q235A钢板的典型破坏形貌

Figure 10. Typical damage of Q235A steel plate

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表 1 实验用35CrMnSiA的基本力学性能

Table 1. Basic mechanical properties of test 35CrMnSiA

σ_y/MPa	σ_u/MPa	E/GPa	H_RC	δ/%	ψ/%
1 387	1 770	187.21	45.3	9.08	40.8

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表 2 3种钢的主要化学组分

Table 2. Main chemical compositions of three kinds of steel

材料	质量分数/%
材料	C	Si	Mn	Cr	Ni	S	P
SS钢	0.07~0.14	0.17~0.37	0.30~0.60	0.90~1.20	2.60~3.00	≤0.015	≤0.020
AS钢	0.19~0.25	0.70~1.00	1.50~1.85			≤0.025	≤0.020
Q235A钢	0.14~0.22	≤0.30	0.30~0.65			≤0.050	≤0.045

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表 3 3种合金钢板的力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of three kinds of alloy steel plate

材料	静态压缩与静态拉伸										动态压缩
材料	σ_y/MPa	σ_u/MPa	σ_y/σ_u	δ/%	E/GPa	E_t/GPa	σ_yc/MPa	E_c/GPa	E_tc/GPa	σ_yc/σ_y	σ_yd/MPa	${{\dot \varepsilon }_{\rm{t}}}$ /s^-1
SS钢	665	787	0.84	22.20	204.49	1.358	526	63.35	0.321	0.79	860(4 300~4 450 s^-1)	5 900(未断)
AS钢	1 211	1 579	0.77	9.00	191.50	9.820	1 387	128.17	0.618	1.15	1 832(4 150~4 800 s^-1)	4 150(断裂)
Q235A钢	274	546	0.50	31.75	196.26	1.308	321	64.10	0.436	1.17	649(4 400~4 500 s^-1)	5 850(未断)

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表 4 两种结构弹体撞击3种合金钢板的实验结果

Table 4. Experimental results of three kinds of alloy steel plate impacted by two different projectiles

靶体材料	d/mm	m/g	v/(m·s^-1)	穿透情况	v₅₀/(m·s^-1)	I_SEA/(J·m²·kg^-1)
AS钢	15.0	30	1 177.36 939.58 1 095.07 1 117.86 1 102.47	贯穿未穿未穿贯穿贯穿	1 083.27	149.242
AS钢	15.0	40	1 016.34 1 209.30 1 126.35 1 061.22 1 006.47 975.00	未穿贯穿贯穿贯穿贯穿未穿	1 085.55	195.960
SS钢	14.5	30	780.56 884.55 1 054.97 974.56 917.28	未穿未穿贯穿贯穿未穿	921.36	109.811
SS钢	14.5	40	891.43 914.96 1 006.45 1 050.51	未穿未穿未穿未穿	1 050.51	189.049
Q235A钢	15.9	30	696.06 876.83 1 068.10 1 000.00 931.14 974.92 978.06 957.06	未穿未穿贯穿贯穿未穿贯穿贯穿贯穿	929.82	101.971
Q235A钢	15.9	40	1 087.11 959.88 878.87	贯穿贯穿未穿	980.43	150.303

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