侧向起爆条件下的爆炸能量分布及其对破岩效果的影响

冷振东; 卢文波; 范勇; 陈明; 严鹏

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0661-09

侧向起爆条件下的爆炸能量分布及其对破岩效果的影响

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0661-09

冷振东^{1, 2},
卢文波^1, ,,
范勇^{1, 3},
陈明¹,
严鹏¹

1.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072
2.
中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司, 重庆 401121
3.
三峡大学水利与环境学院，湖北宜昌 443002

基金项目:

国家重点基础研究发展计划项目 2011CB013501

国家自然科学基金项目 51609127

详细信息

作者简介:
冷振东(1989—)，男，博士研究生

通讯作者:
卢文波, wblu@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383.1; TV554
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-28
- 修回日期: 2016-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2017-07-25

Explosion energy distribution by side initiation and its effects on rock fragmentation

Leng Zhendong^{1, 2},
Lu Wenbo^{1
, ,},
Fan Yong^{1, 3},
Chen Ming¹,
Yan Peng¹

1.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
2.
China Gezhouba Group Explosive Co. Ltd, Chongqiing 401121, China
3.
College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 为了提高不同岩石中爆破破岩的能量利用率，分析了导爆索侧向起爆和一端起爆条件下的爆炸冲击能和爆生气体能的分布规律，并结合响水沟过渡料爆破开采实验，对比了这两种起爆方式下的爆破块度级配曲线。结果表明，侧向起爆和一端起爆条件下的爆炸冲击能和爆生气体能的分布有着很大差异。可以通过改变起爆方式来调整用于爆破破岩的冲击能和气体能的比例，以提高爆破破岩的能量利用率。此在基础上，提出了不同强度岩体中起爆方式选择的原则，导爆索侧向起爆适用于软岩和裂隙岩体的爆破破碎以及轮廓爆破，而在硬岩中的级配料爆破开采则不宜采用侧向起爆。
- 岩石爆破 /
- 破碎效应 /
- 起爆方式 /
- 能量分布 /
- 冲击能 /
- 气体能
Abstract: To improve the energy utilization and fragmentation effect in rock blasting, the explosion energy partitions of end initiation and continuous side initiation were analyzed. In addition, field blasting tests were conducted in Xiangshuigou Quarry, and the results show significant differences in the partition of shock and gas energy between the two initiation methods. The effective energy utilization of these two initiation methods in different rocks varies considerably. On this basis, a selection principle of initiation methods for rocks with different intensities was put forward. The continuous side initiation with a detonating cord is advantageous in soft and fissured rocks and contour blasting, while blasting for graded material in hard rock, the end initiation is recommended instead of the side initiation.
- rock blasting /
- fragmentation effect /
- initiation method /
- energy partition /
- shock energy /
- gas energy

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图 1 炸药在冲击波激发下的爆轰过程

Figure 1. Detonation process of explosives under shock wave

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图 2 普通导爆索结构示意图

Figure 2. Structural schematics of a detonating cord

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图 3 导爆索侧向起爆下的炮孔内的爆轰过程

Figure 3. Detonation process of side initiation in the borehole

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图 4 一端起爆爆轰示意图

Figure 4. Detonation process of end initiation in the borehole

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图 5 冲击能和气体能的分布随导爆索爆速的变化

Figure 5. Partition of shock and gas energies varying with detoantion velocity of detonating cord

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图 6 冲击能和气体能的分布随d_ru/d_b的变化

Figure 6. Partition of shock and gas energies varying with d_ru/d_b

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图 7 一端起爆和侧向起爆时的p-V曲线

Figure 7. p-V curves for side initiation and end initiation

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图 8 侧向起爆和一端起爆在不同岩石中的能量利用

Figure 8. Energy utilization for hard and soft rocks with side and end initiations, respectively

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图 9 装药结构示意图

Figure 9. Schematics of charge structures

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图 10 4组实验爆破块度分布曲线

Figure 10. Fragment size distributions of four blasting field tests

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表 1 长河坝过渡料开采爆破实验参数

Table 1. Blasting parameters for transition material excavation field tests

爆破参数	编号A、B		编号C、D
爆破参数	侧向起爆	一端起爆	侧向起爆	一端起爆
炮孔直径/mm	120	120	90	90
台阶高度H/m	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
超深Δh/m	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
钻孔深度L/m	16.5	16.5	16.5	16.5
钻孔倾角θ/(°)	90	90	90	90
孔距×排距/(m×m)	2.3×2.0	2.3×2.0	1.85×1.85	1.85×1.85
堵塞长度L_s/m	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
单耗q/(kg·m^-3)	2.2	2.2	1.8	1.8
装药结构	连续耦合	连续耦合	连续不耦合	连续不耦合
起爆网络	V形起爆	V形起爆	V形起爆	V形起爆
炸药品种	散装乳化炸药	散装乳化炸药	2#岩石乳化炸药	2#岩石乳化炸药

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表 2 4组爆破破碎结果统计

Table 2. Summary of fragmentation results of four groups field tests

实验区域	起爆方式	d₅₀/mm	C_u	C_c	产出率/%		d_max/mm
实验区域	起爆方式	d₅₀/mm	C_u	C_c	d < 5 mm	d>110 mm	d_max/mm
A	侧向起爆	111	11.21	2.55	5.20	29.03	520
A	一端起爆	75	24.72	2.90	11.50	11.37	320
B	侧向起爆	100	12.45	1.62	5.56	27.76	500
B	一端起爆	86	30.29	2.74	11.90	11.55	310
C	侧向起爆	114	10.00	2.66	4.68	27.12	470
C	一端起爆	105	12.64	2.83	8.26	11.10	< 300
D	侧向起爆	73	15.40	2.62	8.63	16.56	< 300
D	一端起爆	64	21.67	2.79	12.25	7.72	< 300

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