Explosion energy distribution by side initiation and its effects on rock fragmentation
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摘要: 为了提高不同岩石中爆破破岩的能量利用率，分析了导爆索侧向起爆和一端起爆条件下的爆炸冲击能和爆生气体能的分布规律，并结合响水沟过渡料爆破开采实验，对比了这两种起爆方式下的爆破块度级配曲线。结果表明，侧向起爆和一端起爆条件下的爆炸冲击能和爆生气体能的分布有着很大差异。可以通过改变起爆方式来调整用于爆破破岩的冲击能和气体能的比例，以提高爆破破岩的能量利用率。此在基础上，提出了不同强度岩体中起爆方式选择的原则，导爆索侧向起爆适用于软岩和裂隙岩体的爆破破碎以及轮廓爆破，而在硬岩中的级配料爆破开采则不宜采用侧向起爆。Abstract: To improve the energy utilization and fragmentation effect in rock blasting, the explosion energy partitions of end initiation and continuous side initiation were analyzed. In addition, field blasting tests were conducted in Xiangshuigou Quarry, and the results show significant differences in the partition of shock and gas energy between the two initiation methods. The effective energy utilization of these two initiation methods in different rocks varies considerably. On this basis, a selection principle of initiation methods for rocks with different intensities was put forward. The continuous side initiation with a detonating cord is advantageous in soft and fissured rocks and contour blasting, while blasting for graded material in hard rock, the end initiation is recommended instead of the side initiation.
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Key words:
- rock blasting /
- fragmentation effect /
- initiation method /
- energy partition /
- shock energy /
- gas energy
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图 5 冲击能和气体能的分布随导爆索爆速的变化
Figure 5. Partition of shock and gas energies varying with detoantion velocity of detonating cord
图 6 冲击能和气体能的分布随dru/db的变化
Figure 6. Partition of shock and gas energies varying with dru/db
图 8 侧向起爆和一端起爆在不同岩石中的能量利用
Figure 8. Energy utilization for hard and soft rocks with side and end initiations, respectively
表 1 长河坝过渡料开采爆破实验参数
Table 1. Blasting parameters for transition material excavation field tests
爆破参数 编号A、B 编号C、D 侧向起爆 一端起爆 侧向起爆 一端起爆 炮孔直径/mm 120 120 90 90 台阶高度H/m 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 超深Δh/m 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 钻孔深度L/m 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 钻孔倾角θ/(°) 90 90 90 90 孔距×排距/(m×m) 2.3×2.0 2.3×2.0 1.85×1.85 1.85×1.85 堵塞长度Ls/m 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 单耗q/(kg·m-3) 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8 装药结构 连续耦合 连续耦合 连续不耦合 连续不耦合 起爆网络 V形起爆 V形起爆 V形起爆 V形起爆 炸药品种 散装乳化炸药 散装乳化炸药 2#岩石乳化炸药 2#岩石乳化炸药 
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表 2 4组爆破破碎结果统计
Table 2. Summary of fragmentation results of four groups field tests
实验区域 起爆方式 d50/mm Cu Cc 产出率/% dmax/mm d < 5 mm d>110 mm A 侧向起爆 111 11.21 2.55 5.20 29.03 520 一端起爆 75 24.72 2.90 11.50 11.37 320 B 侧向起爆 100 12.45 1.62 5.56 27.76 500 一端起爆 86 30.29 2.74 11.90 11.55 310 C 侧向起爆 114 10.00 2.66 4.68 27.12 470 一端起爆 105 12.64 2.83 8.26 11.10 < 300 D 侧向起爆 73 15.40 2.62 8.63 16.56 < 300 一端起爆 64 21.67 2.79 12.25 7.72 < 300
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