脆性材料中应力波衰减规律与层裂实验设计的数值模拟

巫绪涛; 廖礼

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0705-07

脆性材料中应力波衰减规律与层裂实验设计的数值模拟

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0705-07

巫绪涛,
廖礼

合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院，安徽合肥 230009

详细信息

作者简介:
巫绪涛(1971-)，男，博士，副教授，wuxvtao@sina.com

中图分类号: O346.1
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- 被引次数: 5
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-12-23
- 修回日期: 2016-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2017-07-25

Numerical simulation of stress wave attenuation in brittle material and spalling experiment design

Wu Xutao,
Liao Li

School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 对混凝土、岩石类脆性材料的层裂实验进行了有限元模拟，研究了应力波在此类材料中传播的衰减规律，包括两类机制：弹性波因大尺寸试样的几何弥散产生的小幅度线性衰减、与应变率相关的黏塑性波因本构关系导致的指数衰减。在此基础上，提出了包含常数项的指数型应力波峰值拟合公式。建议采用可以忽略应力波衰减影响的细长形试样进行层裂实验。混凝土类脆性材料层裂破坏模拟结果显示，有限元模拟得到的层裂片厚度与一维应力波理论得到的结果非常吻合，验证了按一维应力波理论确定层裂强度的实验方法的有效性。通过对比3种不同入射波形下层裂片的形状和净拉应力波形，发现不对称的入射波形状更有利于实验获得平直的层裂断面和较准确的层裂强度。
- 脆性材料 /
- 应力波 /
- 衰减规律 /
- 层裂
Abstract: Using finite element simulation, we investigated the spalling of such brittle materials as concrete and rock, studied the attenuation mechanism governing the stress wave propagation through the specimen of brittle materials, and found two kinds of mechanisms: the small amplitude linear attenuation of the elastic wave due to the geometric dispersion of the large size specimen, and the exponential decay of the viscoplastic wave associated with the strain rate due to the constitutive relation. Based on this, we proposed a peak fitting formula of exponential type stress wave with a constant term. It is suggested that we should choose a slender specimen in the spalling test in which the attenuation of the stress wave can be ignored. In addition, we studied the spalling damage of concrete and rock. The scab thickness obtained from the finite element method agrees well with one-dimensional stress wave theory, verifying that the method for determining the spalling strength by one-dimensional stress wave theory is effective. By comparing the scab shape and the tensile stress wave of the brittle material loading by three kinds of the incident wave, we proved that it is more feasible to obtain a flatter spalling cross-section and more precise strength by using an asymmetric incident wave.
- brittle material /
- stress wave /
- attenuation law /
- spalling

HTML全文

1.   三点起爆爆轰波传播及相互作用过程

1.1   装药结构及计算模型

1.2   数值模拟与试验对比

1.3   三点起爆爆轰波作用过程分析

1.4   马赫参数计算及验证

2.   三点起爆形成尾翼EFP数值模拟

2.1   不同起爆直径下尾翼EFP成型

2.2   不同起爆直径下尾翼EFP形成过程理论分析

3.   同步误差对尾翼EFP成型性能的影响

3.1   计算方案设计

3.2   同步误差对EFP尾翼成型的影响

3.3   同步误差对EFP飞行速度影响

4.   结论

图 1 层裂实验装置简图

Figure 1. Scheme of spalling experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 花岗岩试样层裂实验

Figure 2. Spalling experiment of granite specimen

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图 3 试样中的透射波

Figure 3. Transmission wave of specimen

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图 4 层裂强度处理方法示意

Figure 4. Spalling strength processing method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 短历时应力波在线弹性材料中的衰减规律

Figure 5. Attenuation of short duration stress wave in linear elastic material

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 短历时应力波在HJC模型材料中的衰减规律

Figure 6. Attenuation of short duration stress wave in HJC material

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 应力波在细长混凝土试样中的衰减规律

Figure 7. Attenuation of stress wave in slender concrete specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 采用有限元方法得到的层裂片厚度

Figure 8. Scab thicknesses obtained by finite element method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 由一维应力波理论得到的层裂片厚度

Figure 9. Scab thickness by one-dimensional stress wave theory

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 层裂实验中的不规则断面

Figure 10. Irregular cross-section in spalling experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 HJC模型参数

Table 1. Parameters of HJC constitutive model

ρ/(kg·m^-3)	G/GPa	f′_c/MPa	A	B	C	N	S_max	D₁	D₂
2 400	14.86	48	0.79	1.6	0.007	0.61	7.0	0.04	1.0

${\dot \varepsilon _0}$ /s^-1	ε_{f, min}	T/MPa	p_c/MPa	p_l/GPa	μ_c	μ_l	k₁/GPa	k₂/GPa	k₃/GPa
1×10^-6	0.01	30	16.0	0.81	0.001	0.1	85	-171	208

下载: 导出CSV

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