影响大黄鱼的水中声指标

周在明; 杨燕明; 牛富强; 黄跃坤

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0734-07

影响大黄鱼的水中声指标

doi: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)04-0734-07

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋声学与遥感实验室, 福建厦门 361005

基金项目:

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目 2013020

国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项项目 2012022

详细信息

作者简介:
周在明(1980—)，男，博士，助理研究员, zhouzaiming@tio.org.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-17
- 修回日期: 2016-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2017-07-25

Index of underwater acoustic waves impacting on large yellow croakers

Ocean Acoustics and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China

摘要

摘要: 为了明确有效地评价声波对大黄鱼影响的指标，以水下爆破和滨海山体爆破两种作业方式产生的水中声波数据为基础，进行声波信号的声压峰值和声暴露级分析，并结合现场大黄鱼的行为响应进行研究。结果表明：水下爆破产生的水中声波瞬态声压幅值较高，能量在瞬间累积到最大值并影响大黄鱼的行为和安全；而滨海山体爆破水中声波的声压幅值小，声暴露时间长，能量的连续累积造成了大黄鱼行为的改变。由于两种爆破方式作用下的水中声波在不同的声暴露时间内的声暴露级较接近，且超过150 dB会造成大黄鱼的行为异常，因此认为声暴露级是评价水中声波对大黄鱼影响的一个重要指标。
- 工程爆破 /
- 水中声波 /
- 大黄鱼 /
- 声暴露级 /
- 指标
Abstract: The assessment of the behavior of large yellow croakers (Pseudosciaena crocea) in response to underwater acoustic waves entails clear and exact indices of assessment. In this work we collected data of underwater acoustic waves of coastal mountain blasting and underwater explosion using two types of acoustic instruments (Pulse 3560 and DSG) monitored at the sea stations, recorded large yellow croakers′ behavioral characteristics, and carried out the index study of two signal parameters, peak pressure and sound exposure level, in combination with comparative analysis of the croakers′ in situ behaviors. The results showed that, when the pressure amplitudes of the acoustic waves resulting from underwater explosion and mountain blasting were high, the momentary maximal sound energy would reach a momentary maximum value, affecting the croakers′ behavior and safety. On the other hand, when the pressure amplitudes were lower but the time of exposure to the acoustic waves were long, the continual accumulation of sound energy would also affect the large yellow croakers′ behavior. As a result, the levels of the exposure to the two blasting sound waves in different exposure times were very much consistent, and the croakers′ abnormal behaviors were observed at sound exposure levels higher than 150 dB. So, an important conclusion was derived, combined with large yellow croakers′ behavior and related academic research, that sound exposure level can be taken as an important factor, which was the total energy received over the sound exposure time, and should be used to assess the influence of the underwater acoustic waves on the large yellow croaker in underwater explosion and coastal mountain blasting.
- engineering blasting /
- underwater acoustic waves /
- large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea) /
- sound exposure level /
- index

HTML全文

图 1 工程试验区域示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of engineering experimental regions

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图 2 工程爆破水中波形图

Figure 2. Explosion acoustic waveforms

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图 3 工程爆破水中声波峰值波形

Figure 3. Peak shape of acoustic waveforms

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图 4 滨海山体爆破监测点大黄鱼的行为反应

Figure 4. Behavior response of large yellow croakers to coastal mountain blasting

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图 5 累积声暴露级变化曲线

Figure 5. Cumulative variation of sound exposure level

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图 6 滨海山体爆破和水下爆破监测点大黄鱼的行为反应

Figure 6. Behavior response of large yellow croakers to coastal mountain blasting and underwater explosion

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表 1 工程爆破水中声波信号声暴露级统计

Table 1. Sound exposure level statistics of engineering balsting

信号来源	样本/个	δ_{30 dB} /s	δ_{60 dB} /s	L_se/(dB re 1 μPa²·s)
水下爆破	8	0.003±0.001	0.010±0.002	168.56±2.36
滨海山体爆破	22	0.036±0.012	1.322±0.034	161.33±2.06

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