球壳塑性变形下的应变增长现象

刘文祥; 张庆明; 钟方平; 程帅; 张德志

doi:10.11883/1001-1455(2017)05-0893-06

摘要: 应变增长现象会对容器安全形成威胁。以往研究涉及的应变增长现象大多在壳体弹性变形范围内，本文中实验观察到球壳塑性变形时的应变增长现象，应变增长系数(最大应变值与第一个应变峰的比值)最大值达到1.16。实验还获得了容器内壁压力-时间曲线，并利用球壳响应理论分析出应变增长现象是由容器内壁的周期性多脉冲载荷引起的，该载荷存在3个较明显的脉冲，前两个脉冲对应变增长现象起主要作用。

关键词:

Abstract: Strain growth, whose related research has so far been concerned mostly with its behavior during the plastic response inside a spherical shell, poses a threat to the safety of explosion containment vessels. In the present work, the strain growth of the spherical vessel during the plastic response was observed by the experiment, and the strain growth factor (the ratio of the maximum strain of the strain curve to the first peak strain) reached up to 1.16. It was found through the theoretical analysis on the spherical shell response that it was the blast loading with three periodic pulses on the inner wall of the spherical vessel that brought about the strain growth, and that the first two pulses were mainly responsible for the strain growth.

Key words:

图 1 球形容器照片

Figure 1. Photo of spherical vessel

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图 2 应变片位置和方向

Figure 2. Positions and directions of strain guages

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图 3 典型的应变曲线

Figure 3. Strain-time curve of spherical shell

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图 4 球壳内壁的周期性多脉冲载荷

Figure 4. Pressure-time curve of blast loading on inner wall of spherical shell

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图 5 由爆炸载荷计算的应变曲线与实验应变曲线的比较

Figure 5. Comparison between strain-time curves obtained by experiment and calculated from pressure-time curve

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图 6 后续脉冲出现时间对球壳响应的影响

Figure 6. Strain-time curves with second pulse appearing at different time points

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表 1 球壳应变数据

Table 1. Experimental strain of spherical shell

应变片位置	方向	第一个应变峰/10^-3		最大应变值/10^-3	最大值应变值所处峰的位置	应变增长系数
应变片位置	方向	实测值	平均值	最大应变值/10^-3	最大值应变值所处峰的位置	应变增长系数
S1	1	10.804	11.081±2.5%	10.804	1	1.00
	2	10.804		12.606	2	1.16
	3	11.635		13.063	2	1.12
S2	1	10.802	10.262±6.6%	12.057	2	1.11
	2	10.397		12.057	2	1.15
	3	9.588		10.802	2	1.12
S3	1^*	11.945	11.225±6.4%	12.197	2	1.02
				(12.456)	(3)
	2	10.808		11.610	2	1.07
	3	10.922		11.485	2	1.05
S4	1	9.140	9.883±7.5%	9.140	1	1.00
	2	10.197		10.503	2	1.03
	3	10.312		10.503	2	1.01
S5	1	11.821	13.159±14.3%	11.821	1	1.00
	2	15.036		-	-	-
	3	12.619		12.989	2	1.02
S6	1	13.866	13.762±4.3%	15.211	2	1.09
	2	14.254		16.427	2	1.15
	3	13.167		14.571	2	1.10
注：标注*的数据出现特殊情况，其第二个应变峰虽大于第一个应变峰，但应变最大值出现在第三个应变峰上。

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