Particle velocity models on small yields underground explosions
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摘要: 在第四纪砂砾层中进行了系列公斤至百公斤级的地下封闭爆炸，研究了小当量化学爆炸地震波传播规律。在近场，地震波持时很短，水平振幅强于垂向振幅。质点速度随当量呈现指数增加，水平向指数为1.09，垂直向指数为0.77，质点速度随距离呈现指数衰减，水平向和垂直向指数分别为2.07与1.57。Sadauskas模型、显函模型和双极模型都能定量描述小当量地下爆炸地震波质点速度变化，但他们之间的反演精度存在差异，双极模型的残差最小。换言之，采用双极模型反演的数据更接近实际。Abstract: A series of underground explosions whose yield is confined at a limited level ranging from a few kilograms to a hundred were carried out in the Quaternary Period hardpan. The law of seismic wave propagation on small yield chemical explosion was investigated in the experiments. The results show that the duration of the seismic waves were shorter in the near field, the horizontal vibration amplitudes was stronger than the perpendicular ones, and the particle velocity increases exponentially with the increase of the yield. An index in the horizontal direction was approximately 1.09, while that in the perpendicular direction was approximately 0.77. The particle velocity exponentially decreases with the increases of the distance. The attenuating index in the horizontal direction is 2.07 and that in the vertical direction is 1.57. It is shown that the Sadauskas model, the obvious model, and the double extreme model can all quantitatively describe the seismic particle velocity on small yield underground explosions but they differ in the inverse precision of the parameters. Here, the difference in the residual of the double extreme model is the least. In other words, the parameters inversed by using the double extreme model are closest to the data actually observed.
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图 4 质点速度与当量、距离的拟合曲线
Figure 4. Relation between particle velocities and yields distances
图 5 双极模型质点速度残差与距离曲线
Figure 5. Curves on particle velocities and remains from double extreme model
表 1 300 kg实验部分观测点质点速度
Table 1. Partial observation data of 300 kg explosion
台站 R/km ve/(μm·s-1) vn/(μm·s-1) vv/(μm·s-1) ven/(μm·s-1) W2 1.038 0 288.00 619.29 179.55 453.65 W3 1.599 3 126.17 119.70 99.95 122.94 W4 2.144 7 170.35 92.06 51.20 131.20 W5 2.980 6 49.70 33.14 31.43 41.42 W6 4.967 7 13.10 8.73 4.77 10.92 E1 0.521 6 1 172.70 1 227.42 361.80 1 200.10 E3 1.151 8 221.67 122.48 96.97 172.08 E4 1.844 2 61.54 141.97 48.56 101.75 
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表 2 双极模型部分计算数据
Table 2. Partial calculating data from double extreme model
α βh bh γh σh βv bv γv σv 1.70 1.891 4 0.141 0 0.976 4 0.188 7 1.760 8 -0.289 8 0.930 0 0.314 2 1.80 1.957 6 0.078 7 0.978 7 0.179 6 1.827 1 -0.235 7 0.934 5 0.304 1 1.90 2.017 4 -0.016 3 0.980 0 0.174 1 1.887 5 -0.181 2 0.938 1 0.296 1 2.00 2.071 2 0.045 6 0.980 5 0.172 0 1.942 4 -0.126 6 0.940 7 0.289 9 2.10 2.119 4 0.106 5 0.980 2 0.173 0 1.992 1 -0.072 6 0.942 6 0.285 4 2.20 2.162 6 0.166 2 0.979 4 0.176 5 2.036 9 -0.019 3 0.943 8 0.282 5 2.30 2.201 1 0.224 3 0.978 1 0.182 1 2.077 3 0.033 0 0.944 3 0.281 1 2.40 2.235 3 0.280 8 0.976 3 0.189 2 2.113 5 0.084 0 0.944 4 0.280 9 2.50 2.265 6 0.335 6 0.974 2 0.197 4 2.146 1 0.133 6 0.944 1 0.281 8 2.60 2.292 4 0.388 4 0.971 7 0.206 4 2.175 2 0.181 8 0.943 3 0.283 6
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