小不耦合系数装药爆破孔壁压力峰值计算方法

叶志伟; 陈明; 李桐; 卢文波; 严鹏

doi:10.11883/bzcyj-2020-0185

小不耦合系数装药爆破孔壁压力峰值计算方法

doi: 10.11883/bzcyj-2020-0185

叶志伟^{1, 2,},
陈明^{1, 2, ,},
李桐^{1, 2},
卢文波^{1, 2},
严鹏^{1, 2}

1.
武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072
2.
武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 430072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51979205，51779193）

详细信息

作者简介:
叶志伟（1994－　），男，博士研究生，whuyzw@whu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
陈　明（1977－　），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，whuchm@whu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 文章访问数: 646
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-08
- 修回日期: 2020-09-30
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-05

A calculation method of the peak pressure on borehole wall for low decoupling coefficient charge blasting

YE Zhiwei^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Ming^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Tong^{1, 2},
LU Wenbo^{1, 2},
YAN Peng^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China

摘要

摘要: 基于轮廓爆破孔壁压力峰值计算方法的相关研究，充分考虑空气冲击波的传播与爆轰产物膨胀的过程，理论分析了小不耦合系数装药爆破过程中空气冲击波与炮孔壁的相互作用，建立了三维空气介质径向不耦合装药单孔爆破有限元模型，研究了工程爆破中常用的多种小不耦合系数装药组合工况下，炸药单点起爆后的炮孔壁压力峰值，并获得了相应工况下的孔壁压力峰值较爆生气体准静态等熵膨胀压力的压力增大倍数。结果表明：小不耦合系数装药爆破过程中，爆轰产物参数会对空气冲击波波后物质参数产生显著影响，揭示了小不耦合系数装药爆破与轮廓爆破在孔壁压力峰值计算方法上的本质差异；柱状装药结构爆轰波沿轴向传播使得空气冲击波撞击炮孔壁时存在叠加效应，孔壁压力峰值也相应增大，通过统计分析不同炸药类型、不同岩石类型工况下压力增大倍数与不耦合系数的关系，发现压力增大倍数随不耦合系数的增大近似呈线性增长；基于理论推导结果及常用爆破孔壁压力峰值计算形式，综合考虑炸药性能、孔壁岩石介质条件、不耦合装药系数对空气冲击波撞击炮孔壁后压力增大倍数的影响，提出了不耦合系数较小时爆破孔壁压力峰值计算方法。
- 不耦合装药 /
- 爆炸压力 /
- 冲击波 /
- 压力增大倍数
Abstract: The peak pressure on a borehole wall is an important parameter for the analysis of rock blasting rupture and the non-fluid solid coupling explosion impact dynamic response. Based on the relevant research of calculation methods for the peak pressure on the borehole wall for contour blasting, the interaction between the air shock waves and the borehole wall during low decoupling coefficient charge blasting was theoretically analyzed, and the influencing factors of pressure increase ratio were obtained by fully considering the process of air shock wave propagation and detonation product expansion. The parameters of detonation products were used instead of those of shock wave products in theoretical derivation. The single-hole finite element blasting model with radial decoupling charge for air medium was established, and the peak pressure of the borehole wall after single-point detonation of explosives was studied under the combination conditions of multiple low decoupling coefficient charge structure commonly used in engineering blasting. Moreover, the pressure increase ratio which was the ratio of the peak pressure on the borehole wall to the quasi-static isentropic expansion pressure of explosion gas was obtained under the corresponding conditions. The results show that in the process of explosive blasting with a low decoupling coefficient, there is no separation of air shock waves and detonation products, the parameters of the detonation products have a significant effect on the parameters after air shock waves, which in turn affects the interaction between the air shock waves and the borehole wall. It reveals the essential difference between the calculation methods for the peak pressure on the borehole wall in low decoupling coefficient charge blasting and contour blasting. In addition, the propagation of the axial detonation wave in the cylindrical charge structure causes a superposition effect when the air shock wave impacts the borehole wall, and the peak pressure increases accordingly. Through statistical analysis of the relationship between the pressure increase ratio and the decoupling coefficient under different explosive types and different rock types, it is found that the pressure increase ratio increases approximately linearly with the increase of the decoupling coefficient. Based on the the results of theoretical derivation and the commonly used calculation methods for the peak pressure on the borehole wall, a method for calculating the peak pressure on the borehole wall was proposed for low decoupling coefficient charge blasting by considering the effects of explosive characteristics, medium conditions of the borehole wall, and decoupling coefficient on the pressure increase ratio after the air shock wave colliding with the borehole wall.
- decoupling charge /
- explosion pressure /
- shock wave /
- pressure increase ratio

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图 1 爆轰波到达分界面前、后压力分布

Figure 1. Pressure distribution before and after detonation wave reaches the interface

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图 2 空气冲击波碰撞炮孔壁时的参数

Figure 2. Parameters when the air shock wave impacts the borehole wall

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图 3 乳化炸药不同装药结构下孔壁压力增大倍数随介质波阻抗的变化规律

Figure 3. Change of pressure increase ratio with wave impedance of transmission medium under different charge structures of emulsion explosives

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图 4 铵油炸药不同装药结构下孔壁压力增大倍数随介质波阻抗的变化规律

Figure 4. Change of pressure increase ratio with wave impedance of transmission medium under different charge structures of ANFO explosives

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图 5 计算模型示意图

Figure 5. Sketch of the calculation model

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图 6 部分典型工况下孔壁压力时程曲线

Figure 6. Time history curves of the pressure on borehole wall under some typical working conditions

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图 7 压力增大倍数随不耦合系数变化曲线

Figure 7. Variation curves of pressure increase ratio with decoupling coefficient

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表 1 三种典型岩石的物理力学参数

Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of three typical rocks

岩石	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	泊松比	弹性模量/GPa	屈服应力/MPa	切线模量/GPa
粉砂岩	2170	0.25	6.70	39.20	0.6
石灰岩	2600	0.25	32.50	72.90	3.0
花岗岩	2700	0.24	68.00	150.00	7.0
注：Cowper-Symonds参数C=2.5 s⁻¹，Cowper-Symonds参数P=4.0。

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表 2 两种常用炸药的计算参数

Table 2. Calculation parameters of two commonly used explosives

炸药	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	爆速/(m·s⁻¹)	A/GPa	B/GPa	R₁	R₂	ω	E₀/GPa
乳化炸药^[18]	1300	4000	214.40	0.182	4.20	0.90	0.15	4.192
多孔粒状铵油炸药^[19]	1100	2700	191.21	0.164	4.20	0.90	0.15	2.800

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表 3 乳化炸药作用下空气冲击波透射压力与入射压力的比值

Table 3. Transmission-to-incident pressure ratio of air blast wave induced by emulsion explosive

装药条件	不耦合系数	p₁₀/MPa	粉砂岩		石灰岩		花岗岩		平均值
装药条件	不耦合系数	p₁₀/MPa	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀
90/80	1.13	1283	3000	2.34	4260	3.32	4500	3.51	3920	3.06
110/90	1.22	780	2331	2.99	3083	3.95	3524	4.52	2979	3.82
76/60	1.27	630	2080	3.30	2610	4.15	2820	4.48	2503	3.98
90/70	1.29	576	2030	3.53	2870	4.99	2800	4.86	2567	4.46
110/80	1.38	385	1577	4.10	2297	5.97	2334	6.07	2069	5.38
90/60	1.50	228	1320	5.78	1860	8.15	1810	7.93	1663	7.29

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表 4 铵油炸药作用下空气冲击波透射压力与入射压力比值

Table 4. Transmission-to-incident pressure ratio of air blast wave induced by ANFO explosive

装药条件	不耦合系数	p₁₀/MPa	粉砂岩		石灰岩		花岗岩		平均值
装药条件	不耦合系数	p₁₀/MPa	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀	p_x2/MPa	p_x2/p₁₀
90/80	1.13	494	2740	5.54	3440	6.96	3570	7.22	3250	6.57
110/90	1.22	301	2049	6.81	2756	9.17	2893	9.62	2566	8.53
76/60	1.27	243	1710	7.04	2215	9.12	2402	9.88	2109	8.68
90/70	1.29	222	1630	7.35	2430	10.95	2340	10.55	2133	9.61
110/80	1.38	148	1530	10.32	1837	12.38	2098	14.14	1822	12.28
90/60	1.50	88	1090	12.39	1370	15.57	1450	16.48	1303	14.81

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表 5 压力增大倍数n′

Table 5. Pressure increase ratio n′

装药条件	不耦合系数	乳化炸药		铵油炸药
装药条件	不耦合系数	粉砂岩	石灰岩与花岗岩平均值	粉砂岩	石灰岩与花岗岩平均值
90/80	1.13	2.34	3.42	5.54	7.09
110/90	1.22	2.99	4.24	6.81	9.40
76/60	1.27	3.30	4.32	7.04	9.50
90/70	1.29	3.53	4.93	7.35	10.75
110/80	1.38	4.10	6.02	10.32	13.26
90/60	1.50	5.78	8.04	12.39	16.03

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