非理想炸药在混凝土介质中的爆炸做功特性

胡宏伟; 冯海云; 陈朗; 顾晓辉; 宋浦

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2016-0123

非理想炸药在混凝土介质中的爆炸做功特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0123

1.
西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室, 陕西西安 710065
2.
北京理工大学机电学院, 北京 100081
3.
南京理工大学机械工程学院, 江苏南京 210094

详细信息

作者简介:
胡宏伟(1982—), 男, 硕士, 副研究员

通讯作者:
宋浦, songpu73@163.com

中图分类号: O383.1
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- 被引次数: 9
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-05-09
- 修回日期: 2017-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2018-01-25

Characteristic work capability of non-ideal explosives in concrete

1.
Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi, China
2.
School of Mechano Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究非理想炸药的做功能力，对TNT、PBXN-109、AFX-757和CL-20基炸药进行了混凝土介质内爆炸实验，测量了实验炸药爆炸形成的混凝土腔体容积，通过量纲分析和实验数据建立了混凝土腔体容积的计算模型，并采用自行设计的混凝土腔体容积方法评价了炸药的爆炸做功特性。结果表明，混凝土腔体容积法能够用于评估非理想炸药的做功能力，单位质量同类型炸药的混凝土腔体容积基本一致。混凝土腔体容积与炸药能量(或炸药质量与爆热的乘积)存在线性关系，炸药混凝土中内爆炸的相对做功能力可以通过爆热当量确定。
- 非理想炸药 /
- 混凝土 /
- 做功能力 /
- 爆热 /
- 量纲分析
Abstract: In this study we carried out internal blast tests on TNT, PBXN-109, AFX-757 and CL-20 based explosives and measured the concrete cavity volumes of several explosives tested to study the characteristic work capability of non-ideal explosives. A calculation model of the concrete cavity volume was established on the basis of dimensional analysis and experimental dada. The characteristic work capacity of test explosives was evaluated using self-designed concrete cavity volume method. The results show that the concrete cavity volume can be used to evaluate the work capability of non-ideal explosives. The concrete cavity volume and the explosive energy (or detonation heat) forms a linear relationship. The relative work capacity of the explosive in concrete can be determined by the TNT equivalent of the detonation heat.
- non-ideal explosives /
- concrete /
- work capability /
- heat of detonation /
- dimensional analysis

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图 1 实验布局图

Figure 1. Schematic of experimental layout

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图 2 不同质量的TNT装药在混凝土靶中爆炸的破坏效果

Figure 2. Destructive effects from explosion of TNT of different qualities in concrete

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图 3 混凝土腔体容积与炸药能量的关系

Figure 3. Relation between concrete cavity volume and explosive energy

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表 1 实验炸药的组分与性能参数

Table 1. Composition and performance parameters of test explosives

炸药	组分	ρ/(g·cm^-3)	m/g	D/mm	l/mm	l/D	Q_v/(MJ·kg^-1)
TNT		1.57	50.0	40	26	0.65	4.230
TNT		1.57	80.0	40	42	1.05	4.230
TNT		1.57	110.0	40	57	1.43	4.230
TNT		1.57	300.0	60	68	1.13	4.230
1^#	95CL-20/5binder	1.94	18.2	20	30	1.50	5.471
2^#	95CL-20/5binder	1.94	36.4	20	60	3.00	5.471
PBXN-109	64RDX/20Al/16binder	1.64	300.0	60	65	1.08	6.045
AFX-757	25RDX/33Al/30AP/12binder	1.83	300.0	60	59	0.98	7.339

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表 2 装药等效半径与混凝土靶体尺寸的关系

Table 2. Relation between charge equivalent radius and concrete target size

m/g	r_s/cm	L/cm	L/r_s	靶体的破坏情况
50	2.29	120	52	结构完整，有小裂纹
80	2.67	120	45	结构完整，有小裂纹
110	2.97	120	40	解体
300	3.57	200	56	结构完整，有小裂纹

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表 3 实验炸药的混凝土腔体容积

Table 3. Concrete cavity volume of test explosives

炸药	m/g	ΔV/L	Δv/(L·kg^-1)
TNT	50.0	0.350	7.19
TNT	80.0	0.556	6.95
TNT	300.0	2.289	7.63
1^#	18.2	0.171	9.34
2^#	36.4	0.349	9.58
PBXN-109	300.0	2.933	9.77
AFX-757	300.0	3.592	11.97

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表 4 实验炸药的相对混凝土腔体容积与相对爆热

Table 4. Relative concrete cavity volume and relative detonation heats of test explosives

炸药	Δv/(L·kg^-1)	Δv/Δv_TNT	Q_v/(MJ·kg^-1)	Q_v/Q_vTNT
TNT	7.26	1.00	4.230	1.00
95CL-20/5粘	9.46	1.30	5.471	1.29
PBXN-109	9.77	1.35	6.045	1.43
AFX-757	11.97	1.65	7.339	1.74

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