Experimental study on cook-off performance of diesel fuel
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摘要: 为研究3种柴油燃料装入76 L标准小型货车油箱在明火烤燃下的燃爆特性，利用摄像机、高速照相机、红外热成像仪、热电偶以及电子秤分别记录并测量了油箱的烤燃过程及其产生的喷射火焰表面最高温度、火焰尺寸、油箱内外部温度变化、油料蒸发速率等参数。结果表明：相同烤燃条件下，-10#柴油油箱发生剧烈燃烧和爆炸，防火柴油与阻燃抑爆柴油油箱出现了喷射火焰。防火柴油油箱喷射火焰最高温度、火焰高度、内部蒸气温度和油液温度平均升温速率比-10#柴油分别降低31.39%、75.34%、39.05%和57.32%；阻燃抑爆柴油油箱喷射火焰最高温度、火焰高度、油料质量蒸发速率、内部蒸气温度和油液温度平均升温速率比防火柴油分别降低24.67%、61.11%、14.29%、7.54%和7.54%；阻燃抑爆柴油在抑制火焰温度上升、火球尺寸增长以及降低质量蒸发速率上效果更明显。Abstract: In the present work we investigated the cook-off and combustion explosion properties of 76 L fuel tanks with -10# diesel, fire-resistant diesel (FRD), fire-resistant-explosion-suppression diesel (FED) by performing experiments on the surface temperatures of the fire, the sizes of the jet fire, the internal temperatures of fuel tanks and the evaporation rate of the diesel using a video-camera, a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager, a thermocouples and an electronic balance. The results show that explosion might occur when the fuel tanks were filled with -10# diesel and a jet fire would occur when the fuel tanks were filled with FRD or FED in the same cook-off conditions. The highest surface temperatures, the height of the jet fire, the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FRD were reduced by 31.39%, 75.34%, 39.05% and 57.32% respectively as compared with -10# diesel. The highest surface temperatures, the height of the jetfire, the evaporation rate of the diesel, the vapor temperature and the fuel temperature of FED were reduced by 24.67%, 61.11%, 14.29%, 7.54% and 7.54% respectively as compared with FRD, indicating that FED was more effective than the other diesel in preventing temperature increase of the jet fire, size growth of the fireball and reducinge the diesel's evaporation rate.
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图 3 3种油料最高温时刻红外热成像照片
Figure 3. Infrared images of 3 diesels at their highest temperature
表 1 实验油料理化性能
Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of experimental diesel
柴油 成分 运动黏度(20 ℃)/
(mm2·s-1)闪点/℃ 密度/
(kg·m-3)-10#柴油 w(-10#柴油)=100% 3.934 84 808 FRD w(-10#柴油)=87%,
w(水)=5%, w(添加剂)=8%6.892 82 826 FED w(-10#柴油)=86.6, w(水)=5%,
w(添加剂)=8%, w(抑爆剂)0.4%20.850 81 842 
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表 2 喷射火焰的尺寸和表面温度
Table 2. Size and surface temperature of jet fire
柴油 火焰最高温度
/℃1 000 ℃以上高温
持续时间/s火焰最大直径
/m火焰最大高度
/m备注 -10#柴油 1 490.4 3.2 6.71 7.3 火球超出视野 FRD 1 022.5 1.0 0.98 1.8 - FED 770.2 0 0.85 0.7 -
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表 3 油箱内油料蒸发速率
Table 3. Evaporation rate of diesel in tanks
柴油 实验前质量/kg 实验后质量/kg 时间/min 速率/(kg·min-1) -10#柴油 40 - 17 - FRD 40 29 31 0.35 FED 40 31 30 0.30
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