Effect of surface roughness on impact expansion fracture of 6061 aluminum alloy thin-walled cylindrical tube
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摘要: 采用分离式霍普金森杆实验技术，对表面加工后不同粗糙度的6061铝合金薄壁圆柱管进行动态膨胀断裂冻结回收实验，并对薄壁金属圆柱管动态膨胀断裂过程中裂纹萌生、扩展情况以及最终断裂模式等进行了研究。结果表明：相同冲击压力条件下，薄壁金属圆柱管表面粗糙度越大，材料越容易发生膨胀破裂；裂纹萌生于外壁面，由外向内扩展，并且裂纹的扩展主要受裂纹处应力状态的影响；薄壁金属圆柱管的断裂模式由拉伸和剪切断裂机制起主导作用，其断口为拉剪混合型断口。Abstract: Dynamic expansion crack freezing recovery tests of 6061 aluminum alloy thin-walled cylindrical tubes with different roughnesses after surface processing were carried out with the split Hopkinson pressure bar experimental technique, and the crack initiation, propagation and final fracture mode of the thin-walled metal cylindrical tubes of dynamic expansion fracture process were studied. The results show that: under the same impact pressure, the greater the surface roughness of the thin-walled metal cylindrical tube, the more prone to the expansion of the material in the process of expanding fracture; the crack initiating on the surface of the outer wall is extended from the outside to the inside, and the crack propagation is mainly affected by the stress state at the crack; the fracture mode is dominated by the tensile and shear fracture mechanism, the fracture mode is a mixed type of tension and shear fracture.
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图 8 圆柱管裂纹起始位置及扩展形式
Figure 8. Starting positions and Propagation routes of crack on cylinder shells
图 9 冲击膨胀断裂后断口处金相组织
Figure 9. Microstructure of fracture after impact expansion fracture
图 10 不同表面粗糙度的6061铝合金表面形貌变化
Figure 10. Surface morphology changes of 6061 aluminum alloy with different surface roughnesses
图 11 6061铝合金薄壁圆柱管冲击膨胀断裂后的表面微观形貌
Figure 11. Surface micro-morphology of 6061 aluminum alloy after impact expansion fracture of thin-walled cylindrical tube
图 12 6061铝合金薄壁柱管断口处的微观形貌
Figure 12. Microstructure of 6061 aluminum alloy thin-walled cylinder tube
表 1 6061铝合金主要化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of 6061 aluminum alloy
化学元素 Mg Si Fe Cu Cr Zn Mn Ti 质量分数/% 0.8~1.2 0.4~0.8 0.7 0.15~0.40 0.04~0.35 0.25 0.15 0.15 
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表 2 6061铝合金物理性能参数
Table 2. Physical property parameters of 6061 aluminum alloy
ρ/(g·cm-3) ν 延伸率 Tm/℃ σt/MPa E/GPa 2.69 0.330 > 10% 582~652 > 205 68.9
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表 3 薄壁圆柱管实验参数
Table 3. Experimental parameters of thin-walled cylindrical tubes
No. Ra/μm 1 0.190 2 0.243 3 0.278 4 0.314 5 0.385 6 0.414 7 0.489 8 0.551 9 0.689
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