Estimation of underwater explosive energy for different charge warhead shells
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摘要: 通过对裸炸药和带壳战斗部在无限水域中水下爆炸的实验研究，对比分析了炸药的冲击波峰值压力、比冲击波能、比气泡能、总比能量及相对比总能量等爆炸特性参数。结果表明：不同装药爆炸后峰值压力从大到小分别是热塑梯黑铝、熔梯黑铝、复合PBX、TNT，其他对比参数从大到小分别是复合PBX、熔梯黑铝、热塑梯黑铝、TNT；带壳战斗部爆炸后比冲击波能、比气泡能、总比能量相对裸炸药均有不同程度的下降，其中总比能量分别比裸炸药减少25%、21%、15%和15%；战斗部壳体对水中兵器爆炸的比冲击波能、比气泡能及总比能量的影响较为显著。因此，研究水中兵器爆炸威力必须考虑战斗部壳体因素，不能简化。研究成果对于战斗部水下爆炸威力考核有一定的借鉴意义。Abstract: With the experimental study of underwater explosion for confined and unconfined in free field water, the characteristic parameters of explosion, such as the peak pressure of shock wave, the specific shock wave energy, the specific bubble energy, the total specific energy and the relative total energy of the explosives were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the peak pressure are, different for thermoplastic TNT-RDX-Al explosive, fusing TNT-RDX-Al explosive, composite PBX and TNT, Other parameters are, composite PBX, thermoplastic TNT-RDX-Al explosive, fusing TNT-RDX-Al explosive, TNT, The specific shock wave energy, the specific bubble energy, the total specific energy of warhead with shell decreased compared to warhead without shell. The total specific energy decreased 25%, 21%, 15% and 15%. It is obvious that shell is important for underwater explosion effects. Therefore, the influence of shell must be considered and can't be simplified for energy effects of underwater weapons.
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Key words:
- underwater explosion /
- warhead /
- shell /
- explosive energy
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图 3 不同炸药峰值压力随距离因子的衰减
Figure 3. Peak pressure attenuation varied with distance factor for different explosives
图 4 不同炸药比冲击波能随距离因子的变化
Figure 4. Specific shock wave energy varied with distance factor for different explosives
图 6 不同战斗部峰值压力随爆炸距离的衰减
Figure 6. Peak pressure attenuation varied with explosion distance of different warheads
图 7 不同战斗部比冲击波能随爆炸距离的变化
Figure 7. Specific shock wave energy varied with explosion distance of different warheads
表 1 炸药性能参数
Table 1. Detonation parameters of explosives
炸药 装药密度/(g·cm-3) 爆速/(m·s-1) 爆热/(kJ·kg-1) 药包质量/kg 复合PBX 1.82 5 500 8 210 3.0 熔梯黑铝 1.84 7 200 7 400 3.0 热塑梯黑铝 1.70 7 500 5 750 3.0 TNT 1.50 6 900 3 530 3.0 
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表 2 爆炸实验工况
Table 2. Explosion experiment cases
炸药 裸炸药实验(药包重3.0 kg) 带壳战斗部实验(装药200 kg)) TNT当量 入水深度/m 炸点距离/m 冲击因子 TNT当量 入水深度/m 炸点距离/m 冲击因子 复合PBX 6.00 10 3~12 0.20~0.82 260 25 16~40 0.40~1.01 熔梯黑铝 5.52 10 3~12 0.20~0.78 320 25 16~40 0.45~1.12 热塑梯黑铝 4.80 10 3~12 0.18~0.73 320 25 16~40 0.45~1.12 TNT 3.00 10 3~12 0.14~0.58 200 25 16~40 0.35~0.88
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表 3 4种炸药的平均比冲击波能、平均比气泡能、总比能量及相对比总能量
Table 3. Energy comparison of four kinds of explosives
炸药 比冲击波能/(MJ·kg-1) 比气泡能/(MJ·kg-1) 总比能量/(MJ·kg-1) 相对比总能量 复合PBX 1.484 4.568 6.052 2.029 熔梯黑铝 1.462 4.322 5.784 1.939 热塑梯黑铝 1.330 3.173 4.503 1.509 TNT 0.965 2.018 2.983 1.000
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表 4 4种战斗部的平均比冲击波能、平均比气泡能、总比能量及相对比总能量
Table 4. Energy comparison of four kinds of warheads
战斗部 比冲击波能/(MJ·kg-1) 比气泡能/(MJ·kg-1) 总比能量/(MJ·kg-1) 相对比总能量 复合PBX 1.03 3.53 4.56 1.80 熔梯黑铝 1.21 3.35 4.56 1.80 热塑梯黑铝 1.07 2.76 3.83 1.51 TNT 0.82 1.72 2.54 1.00
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