大当量浅埋地下爆炸抛掷成坑效应的缩比模拟实验装置

徐小辉; 邱艳宇; 王明洋; 邵鲁中

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2017-0144

大当量浅埋地下爆炸抛掷成坑效应的缩比模拟实验装置

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0144

徐小辉^{1, 2,},
邱艳宇^{1, 2},
王明洋^{1, 2},
邵鲁中²

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院, 江苏南京 210094
2.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210007

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 51409257

详细信息

作者简介:
徐小辉(1983-), 男, 硕士, 讲师, xuxiaohui168@126.com

中图分类号: O382.2;TP91
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- 被引次数: 7
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-05-02
- 修回日期: 2017-09-18
- 刊出日期: 2018-11-25

Development of the testing apparatus for modeling large equivalent underground cratering explosions

XU Xiaohui^{1, 2
,},
QIU Yanyu^{1, 2},
WANG Mingyang^{1, 2},
SHAO Luzhong²

1.
College of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion & Impact and Disaster Prevention & Mitigation, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 针对当前地下爆炸物理模型实验无法模拟大当量地下爆炸抛掷弹坑和疏松鼓包现象的难题，基于相似理论，采用地下爆炸效应真空室模型实验方法，研制了考虑重力影响的大当量地下爆炸效应模拟实验装置。整套装置由容器罐体、快开门密闭机构、爆源系统、真空泵组、量测控制系统等组成，提出的新型爆源模拟装置可以实现精确起爆控制。该装置可模拟0.1~100 kt TNT、埋深20~400 m范围内不同比尺的地下核爆炸成坑和隆起实验，同时也能够模拟不同装药配置方案、不同地质条件下的大当量地下浅埋化爆抛掷实验。典型的核爆抛掷成坑模型实验结果表明，装置实验参数精确可调，实验过程可控，实验结果可信，为钻地核武器地下爆炸毁伤效应分析和大型工程爆破效果预测预报提供了实验室模拟和科学研究设备，填补了爆炸离心机无法模拟大当量地下爆炸抛掷成坑效应的空白。
- 大当量浅埋爆炸 /
- 相似模型实验 /
- 装置研制 /
- 地下核爆炸 /
- 工程爆破
Abstract: Aiming at solving the difficult problem of simulating the ejection crater and loose bulging under underground explosion, a method of vacuum chamber for simulating underground explosion effects is presented based on the similarity theory, and a testing apparatus is developed. The core assemblies of this apparatus consist of pressure vessel, fast-open door enclosed mechanism, explosive source simulation system with accurate burst control, vacuum pump air-removal system and instrumentation system. This set of apparatus could model the underground explosions with the equivalent of 0.1-100 kt TNT and the buried depth of 20-400 m, and it also could simulate the large-scale explosions with different charge schemes under complicated geological conditions. The typical modeling experimental results show that the apparatus is accurately adjusted and technically controllable, and that the experimental results are reliable. The testing apparatus for large-scale underground cratering explosions could provide assistances for both the damage effect analysis of the ejection explosions subject to earth-penetrating nuclear weapons and the prediction and forecast of the large-scale engineering blasting, and fill the shot of centrifuge cratering experiment which cannot model the large-scale underground explosions.
- large equivalent cratering explosion /
- similarity model test /
- development device /
- underground nuclear explosion /
- engineering blasting

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图 1 地下爆炸真空室模拟装置设计原理示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus

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图 2 地下爆炸效应模拟装置容器系统图

Figure 2. Container of underground explosion effect simulation

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图 3 地下爆炸效应模拟装置主体结构示意图

Figure 3. Main structure of underground explosion effect simulation container

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图 4 爆源系统

Figure 4. System of detonation device

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图 5 爆源装置设计原理图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of detonation device

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图 6 爆源装置

Figure 6. Experimental devices for simulating explosion cavity

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图 7 不同介质中玻璃球罩爆破镜头

Figure 7. Blasting pictures of glass enclosure with three different medias

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图 8 不同介质中玻璃球罩爆破碎片图

Figure 8. Blasting debris pictures of the glass enclosure with three medias

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图 9 柔性导爆索爆炸抛掷成坑影响实验

Figure 9. Assessment test for the ejection explosions of flexible detonating cord

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图 10 爆源装置及模型实验布置图

Figure 10. Detonation device and layout of experiment

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图 11 抛掷弹坑构造示意图

Figure 11. Cross-section view of ejection crater

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图 12 模型中抛掷弹坑发展变化镜头

Figure 12. Snapshots of ejection crater evolution in experiment

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图 13 模型中抛掷弹坑最终形态及玻璃球罩碎片

Figure 13. Skeleton map of ejection crater and the glass enclosure blasting debris

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表 1 地下爆炸空腔气体势能计算表达式

Table 1. Formula for the energy of the gas potential energy of the cavity in underground explosion

岩石特性	空腔气体势能
不含气体岩石	$A = 0.49q/\bar r_{\rm{n}}^{0.84}$
仅含自由水的硅酸盐类岩石(适用于花岗岩、凝灰岩、冲积层等岩石)	$A = \frac{{0.49q}}{{\bar r_{\rm{n}}^{0.84}}}(1 + 5.8\eta _{\rm{w}}^{0.7})$
仅含碳酸气的碳酸盐类岩石(适用于硬石膏、方解石、石灰岩等岩石)	$A = \frac{{0.49q}}{{\bar r_{\rm{n}}^{0.84}}}(1 + 1.96\eta _{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}^{0.7})$
混合含气岩石	$A = \frac{{0.49q}}{{{{\bar r}_{\rm{n}}}^{0.84}}}(1 + 5.8\eta _{\rm{m}}^{0.7}), \;\;\;{\eta _{\rm{m}}} = {\eta _w} + {\eta _{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{}}}}/4.7$

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表 2 爆源球形度实验

Table 2. Sophericity experiments for the detonation device

实验编号	螺旋状柔爆索长度/cm	玻璃球罩中绝对气压/kPa	玻璃球罩埋深/cm	高速摄影拍摄帧数/s^-1	玻璃球罩碎片平均直径/mm
A1(空气)	20	100		5 000	5
A2(沙)	20	180	10	3 000	13
A3(水)	20	180	13	5 000	10
A4(水)	10	180	13	5 000	25

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表 3 不同当量浅埋地下抛掷爆炸成坑效应模拟实验主要参数

Table 3. Key parameters for the simulation of large-scale underground cratering explosions

爆炸代号	原型参数				模型参数
爆炸代号	等效TNT当量/kt	埋深/ m	空腔半径/ m	空腔气体能量/ GJ	小球半径/ cm	模拟比尺	小球埋深/ cm	小球压力/ kPa	真空度/ Pa
Neptun	0.115	30.5	7.29	62.31	5	146	21.0	135.219	686.0
1003竖井	1.100	48.0	13.32	452.76	5	266	18.0	87.036	375.4
Schooner	31.000	108.0	47.12	12 499.20	5	942	11.5	15.933	106.0
Sedan	100.000	193.0	69.62	48 720.00	5	1 392	13.9	12.825	71.8

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表 4 模型实验结果

Table 4. Results of blasting crater

计算条件	弹坑半径/cm	弹坑深度/cm	体积/cm³	抛掷指数
原型试验	3 300.0	1 050.0	1.7×10¹⁰	1.0
相似计算结果	22.6	7.2	5 462
模型试验	25.6	6.3	4 321	1.2
相对误差/%	13.3	12.5	20.0	20.0

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施引文献

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