气相爆轰波近失效状态的传播模式

颜秉健; 张博; 高远; 吕树光

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2017-0167

摘要: 选用五种碳氢混合气体，采用高压电火花起爆的方法，利用光纤探针测量爆轰波在管道内的传播速度，研究临近失效状态时爆轰波在管道内的传播模式。实验是在自行研制的爆轰管道中进行的，其包括驱动段及内径分别为1.5、3.2、12.7 mm三种规格的测试段。实验结果再次验证了爆轰波在管道内传播时可以有六种不同的传播模式：稳态爆轰、快速波动爆轰、结巴式爆轰、驰振爆轰、低速爆轰和爆轰失效。其中C₂H₂+2.5O₂+70% Ar、C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85% Ar两种组分混合气体（具有较低活化能），在爆轰波传播过程中只有稳态、快速波动和失效三种模式；而C₃H₈+5O₂、C₂H₂+5N₂O和CH₄+2O₂三种组分混合气体（具有较高活化能）在传播过程中出现六种不同模式。上述结果表明，除气体组分、初始压力等因素外，混合气体的活化能可能对爆轰波在管道内的传播状态也有影响。

关键词:

Abstract: In this paper, five kinds of hydrocarbon gaseous mixture were selected as working medium. By using high voltage spark ignition method and optical fiber probe, the propagation velocity of detonation wave in pipeline was measured near failure state condition. Experiments were conducted based on a self-made detonation pipeline, which includes a drive section and three different test sections with 1.5-mm, 3.2-mm and 12.7-mm inner diameter, respectively. Experimental results reverified that there are six different propagation modes, which are steady detonation, rapid fluctuation detonation, stuttering detonation, galloping detonation, low velocity detonation and detonation failure, respectively for pipeline detonation. Among them, gaseous mixtures C₂H₂+2.5O₂+70%Ar and C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85%Ar (both have low activation energy), have only three propagating modes, i.e. steady, rapid fluctuation and failure modes; while for other three gaseous mixtures C₃H₈+5O₂, C₂H₂+5N₂O and CH₄+2O₂ (with higher activation energy), there are six different propagating modes. The results show that besides gas composition and initial pressure, the activation energy of gaseous mixture may also affect the propagation state of detonation wave in pipeline.

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图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. A schematic of experimental apparatus

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图 2 光学探针输出信号

Figure 2. Sample signal of optical detectors

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图 3 稳态爆轰下的速度情况图

Figure 3. Velocity histories of stable detonation

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图 4 快速波动爆轰状态下的速度情况图

Figure 4. Velocity histories of rapid fluctuation detonation

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图 5 结巴式爆轰状态下的速度情况

Figure 5. Velocity histories of stuttering detonation

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图 6 驰振爆轰状态下的速度情况

Figure 6. Velocity histories of galloping detonation

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图 7 低速爆轰状态下的速度情况

Figure 7. Velocity histories of low-velocity detonation

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图 8 爆轰失效状态下的速度情况

Figure 8. Velocity histories of detonation failure

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图 9 爆轰状态下的速度情况

Figure 9. Velocity histories of detonation

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表 1 不同管径和初始压力下五种碳氢混合物爆轰传播模式分类

Table 1. The various evlution modes of the five tested mixtures in different diameter tubes and initial pressures

p₀/kPa	C₂H₂+2.5O₂+70%Ar			C₂H₂+2.5O₂+85%Ar			C₂H₂+5N₂O			C₃H₈+5O₂			CH₄+2O₂
p₀/kPa	1.5	3.2	12.7	1.5	3.2	12.7	1.5	3.2	12.7	1.5	3.2	12.7	1.5	3.2	12.7
98													2, 4
84				1									2
80	1			1									4
60	1	1		1	1		1			1			4	2
57				6
55	1	1		6	1		1			1				2
50	1	1			1		1			1			4, 5	2
40	1	1			1		1	1		1	1		4, 5	4	1
36	1	1			1		1	1		1			4, 5		1
34					1		1	1		2			4, 5		1
32					1		1	1		2	1		4, 5	4	1
30	2	1	1		1	1	2	1	1	2	1	1	6	4	1
29					1		2			2, 4
28	2	2	1		6	1	2	1	1	2, 4	1	1	6	4	1
26	2	2				1	2, 4	1	1	2, 4	1	1		5	1
24		2				1	2, 4	1	1	4	1	1		5	1
22	2	2	1			1	4	1	1	4	1	1		5	1
20	2	2	1			1	4	1	1		1	1		5	2
18	6	2	1			1	4	1	1			1		5	2
16		2	1			1	4	2	1	4	2	1		5	2
15			1					2		6	2				3
14		2	1			1	4	2	1			1		5	3
12		2	1			1	4	2	1		4	1			3
10		2	1				5	4	1		4	1		5	4
8		6	1				5	4	2		4	1		6	4
6		6	2				6	4	2		4	2		6	4
4.5									2			3
4			2					5	2		5	3, 4			4
3								6	4		6	4			6
2			6						4		6	4			6
1									6			6
注：表中管径的单位为mm。

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