Simplified model of pre-composited rod's normal penetration into steel target
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摘要: 针对均质长杆体侵彻能力提高陷入瓶颈的问题，设计了由高密度钨合金和高硬度碳化钨组合的新型前置组合杆体。通过试验和数值模拟验证，前置组合杆体能利用材料的不同性能，在稳定侵彻阶段形成更尖锐头部形状，从而提高侵彻能力。根据试验和数值模拟结果，描述了前置组合杆体垂直侵彻钢靶的物理图像，将前置组合杆体侵彻划分为开坑段、组杆段和单杆段三部分，分别建立其各自侵彻阶段的理论模型，最终得到前置组合杆体总侵彻深度计算模型。通过与试验和数值模拟结果对比，验证了该模型的合理性。Abstract: In this study, to improve the penetration capability of the homogeneous long rod, a problem whose solution has hit a bottleneck, we designed a new pre-composited rod fabricated with high density tungsten alloy and high hardness tungsten carbide. It was validated through experiment and numerical simulation that our newly-designed rod can form a sharp nose shape in the steady penetration stage by cashing in on the different properties of different materials to improve the penetration capability of the long rod. Based on the experimental and simulated results, we presented a full description of the physical image of the pre-composited rod's normal penetration into a steel target, which can be divided into three sections, those of the cratering, the composited rod, and the homogeneous rod, with their theoretical models established respectively, thus obtaining the calculation model of the total pre-composited rod's penetration depth. The rationality of the model was verified by comparing it with the experiment and simulation results. The conclusions from our study are helpful for the kinetic design of weapons using the new long rod.
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图 4 前置组合杆体侵彻钢靶有限元模型
Figure 4. Finite element model of pre-composited rod penetrating target
图 5 前置组合杆体侵彻钢靶有限元模型
Figure 5. Finite element model of pre-composited rod penetrating target
图 6 不同配置前置组合杆体侵彻规律
Figure 6. Penetration laws of pre-composited rods with different configurations
表 1 不同配置的前置组合杆体
Table 1. Different configurations of pre-composited rods
杆结构 小杆体直径d2/mm 小杆体长度H1/mm 均质杆 0 0 前置组合杆体1 1.5 25 前置组合杆体2 2.5 30 前置组合杆体3 5.5 30 
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表 2 不同配置的前置组合杆体
Table 2. Different configurations of pre-composited rods
材料 ρ/(g·cm-3) G/GPa σy/MPa γ 93钨 17.6 136 1 506 1.54 碳化钨 14.7 254 5 100 1.50 45钢 7.85 77 700 2.17
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表 3 两组杆体头部形状图
Table 3. Nose shape of two rods
杆结构 v/(m·s-1) h/mm ε/% 试验 数值模拟 均质杆 1 356 84.0 81.5 2.98 前置组合杆体1 1 310 83.0 77.7 6.39 前置组合杆体2 1 320 84.0 80.9 3.70 前置组合杆体3 1 200 78.0 76.2 2.31
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表 4 侵彻过程中各阶段的速度变化和侵彻深度
Table 4. Velocity variation and penetration depth in different stages of penetration process
杆结构 开坑段 前置组杆段 单杆段 v0/(m·s-1) v1/(m·s-1) x1/mm v1/(m·s-1) v2/(m·s-1) x2/mm v2/(m·s-1) v3/(m·s-1) x3/mm 均质杆 1 356 1 342.0 11.0 1 342.0 0 71.2 前置组合杆体1 1 310 1 295.5 10.9 1 295.5 1 257.9 22.0 1 257.9 0 50.0 前置组合杆体2 1 320 1 305.7 10.9 1 305.7 1 251.3 29.8 1 251.3 0 46.1 前置组合杆体3 1 200 1 184.2 10.6 1 184.2 1 096.4 27.3 1 096.4 0 42.6
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表 5 不同初速度下侵彻深度理论和试验对比
Table 5. Comparison of penetration depth between theory and test at different initial velocities
杆结构 v0/(m·s-1) 侵彻深度 ε/% 理论计算(x1+x2+x3)/mm 试验h/mm 均质杆 1 356 82.2 84 2.14 前置组合杆体1 1 310 82.9 83 0.12 前置组合杆体2 1 320 86.8 84 3.33 前置组合杆体3 1 200 80.5 78 3.21
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表 6 不同杆结构侵彻深度数值模拟和理论对比
Table 6. Comparison of penetration depth between simulation and theory with different rod structures
H1/mm 侵彻深度 ε/% 数值模拟h/mm 理论计算(x1+x2+x3)/mm 0 74.5 77.7 4.23 30 78.0 83.4 6.92 50 80.5 85.4 6.09 70 84.0 88.5 5.36 90 85.0 90.0 5.88
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