Sound signal analysis for warning and intensity evaluation of rockburst
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摘要: 利用真三轴岩爆实验系统在室内再现了岩爆动力破坏过程，采用数字录音笔对岩爆过程的声音信号进行监测，在声音信号预处理的基础上，对岩爆过程中的颗粒弹射、岩板劈裂、块片弹射3种岩石脆性破坏现象的不同声音特征指标进行分析。结果表明：3种典型脆性破坏现象的声音信号在波形、频谱、声纹和短时能量等特性指标上存在明显差异，这些特征指标适用于岩爆的特征提取。提出了一种基于声音信号的岩爆烈度评价指标——局部声响总能量，该指标适用于定量评价岩爆发生的剧烈程度。Abstract: The rockburst process was reproduced using a true-triaixal rockburst test system in laboratory. The sound signal in the rockburst process was recorded and preprocessed, and the feature indexes of the sound signals in three typical failures in the rockburst process, including rock particles ejection, rock splitting, and rock plate ejection, were investigated. The results show that the feature indexes in the three typical failures such as the waveform, the spectrum, the sound print and the short-term energy exhibit significant differences from each other. Finally, an indicator called total energy of local sound (TELS) was proposed as applicable to assessing the rockburst intensity.
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Key words:
- rock engineering /
- rockburst warning /
- rockburst intensity /
- sound signal
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图 3 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号波形
Figure 3. Waveforms of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
图 4 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号频谱
Figure 4. Spectra of sound signals of three typical failure phenomena
图 5 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号声纹
Figure 5. Voiceprints of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
图 6 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号短时能量
Figure 6. Short-time energies of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
图 7 不同等级岩爆短时能量
Figure 7. Variation of short-time energies with time for different grades rockbursts
图 8 不同等级岩爆的弹射动能与局部声响总能量
Figure 8. Kinetic energy and total energy of local sound for different grades of rockbursts
表 1 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号波形特性
Table 1. Features of voice signal waveform for three typical failure phenomena
破坏现象 波形 持续时间/s NA > 0.4 颗粒弹射 “笋芽”状 0.03 1 岩板劈裂 “矛头”状 0.47 < 10 块片弹射 “三角”状 0.76 > 100 
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表 2 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号频谱
Table 2. Spectra of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
破坏现象 频谱形状 主频值/kHz 归一化幅值 颗粒弹射 多峰 10.58 0.009 岩板劈裂 单峰 2.13 0.005 块片弹射 单峰 0.46 0.021
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表 3 3种典型破坏现象的声纹特性
Table 3. Voiceprints of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
破坏现象 声纹体型 能量幅值 频率范围/kHz 颗粒弹射 “带”状 1.0~2.4 7~11 岩板劈裂 “鳞片”状 2.0~5.7 2~8 块片弹射 “条”状 4.0~18.0 0~2
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表 4 3种典型破坏现象的声音信号短时能量特性
Table 4. Short-time energy features of sound signals for three typical failure phenomena
破坏现象 形状 振荡频度 最大幅值 颗粒弹射 平滑曲线 无振荡 0.34 岩板劈裂 局部振荡 快速 2.30 块片弹射 连续振荡 急速 8.60
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表 5 基于RF模型的岩爆典型破坏现象识别结果
Table 5. Identification of typical failure phenomena using RF model
名称 训练样本数 训练样本识别率/% 预测样本数 预测样本识别准确率/% 颗粒弹射 124 95 22 88 岩板劈裂 52 93 10 91 块片弹射 54 96 9 90
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