Dynamic tensile fracture and the decay of elastic precursor wave in shocked pure vanadium
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摘要: 利用平板撞击和激光干涉测速技术，实验研究了国产热等静压纯钒在压力5.2~9.0 GPa、拉伸应变率0.47×105~1.19×105 s-1冲击加载下的层裂特性。结果表明：国产热等静压纯钒具有较强的抗动态拉伸断裂能力，其层裂强度在4.0~5.3 GPa范围，明显高于相似加载条件下文献给出的熔炼钒结果，这主要与热等静压加工工艺下纯钒杂质含量更低、内缺陷更少有关；同时，纯钒层裂强度对冲击压力和拉伸应变率均比较敏感。此外，对弹塑性加载速度剖面的分析发现：在6 mm样品厚度范围，纯钒的弹性波幅值随样品厚度增大而减小，雨贡纽弹性极限随样品厚度的衰减规律较好地满足指数关系σHEL=3.246（hs/h0）-0.386，h0为单位长度。Abstract: By using plate impact and velocity interferometry, the dynamic tensile fracture (spall) of shocked pure vanadium was studied in the pressure range of 5.2-9.0 GPa, where the average tensile strain rate was in the range of 0.47×105-1.19×105 s-1. All the vanadium samples used here were made by the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method. Our results show that the HIP vanadium has a higher spall strength than those given in literatures, which lies in the range of 4.0-5.3 GPa, and increases with both the shock pressure and tensile strain rate. The higher spall strength of the HIP vanadium can be ascribed to the higher purity and fewer initial defects in material than those made by the remelting method. Additionally, the analysis on elastic precursor wave in vanadium indicates a power decay of Hugoniot elastic limit (σHEL) with the dimensionless thickness of the sample (hs/h0), where h0 is a unit length. The coefficient and exponent of the power function best fitting the experimental data are 3.246 and -0.386, respectively, when the vanadium sample's thickness hs is no greater than 6 mm.
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Key words:
- pure vanadium /
- spall strength /
- decay of elastic precursor /
- hot isostatic pressing /
- tensile fracture
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图 2 纯钒的自由面速度剖面汇总
Figure 2. Measured free-surface velocity profiles of HIP vanadium at different impact velocities
图 3 HIP纯钒层裂强度随加载压力和应变率的变化关系
Figure 3. The dependence of spall strength for vanadiumon shock pressure and tensile strain rate
图 4 不同实验给出的纯钒层裂强度比较
Figure 4. Comparison of spall strengths obtainedby different experiments for pure vanadium
图 6 纯钒的Hugoniot弹性极限随样品厚度的衰减规律
Figure 6. Decay of elastic wave with sample thickness for pure vanadium
表 1 HIP纯钒的主要杂质成分
Table 1. The main impurities of HIP vanadium
杂质元素a) C N O Al Fe Cr Si 质量分数/% 0.005 2 0.002 6 0.020 0.016 ＜0.005 ＜0.005 0.018 注：a)除Al和Si外，其余杂质含量均优于GB4310-84≪钒≫中V-1牌号熔炼钒的指标。 
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表 2 纯钒对称碰撞层裂实验参数及结果
Table 2. Summary of experimental parameters
实验编号 wf/(m·s-1) hf/mm hs/mm σH /GPa σsp/GPaa) ˉ˙εs/s-1 σHEL/GPa Y/GPa No.1 321 3.051 6.055 5.2 4.0(3.6) 0.47×105 1.7 0.7 No.2 460 3.050 6.051 7.5 4.3(3.6) 0.62×105 1.8 0.8 No.3 525 3.064 6.055 8.6 5.0(3.9) 0.66×105 1.8 0.8 No.4 540 1.457 3.045 9.0 5.3(4.4) 1.19×105 2.0 0.9 注：a)括号内的值为不考虑回跳速度修正得到的层裂强度。
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