水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下冰层破碎特性及其影响因素

王莹; 肖巍; 姚熊亮; 秦业志

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0141

水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下冰层破碎特性及其影响因素

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0141

哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51509228，51779056）

详细信息

作者简介:
王　莹（1990－　），女，博士研究生，wangying1990@hrbeu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
肖　巍（1988－　），男，博士，讲师，wxiao@hrbeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382.1
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- 文章访问数: 4815
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-26
- 修回日期: 2018-07-13
- 网络出版日期: 2019-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-01

Fragmentation of ice cover subjected to underwater explosion shock wave load and its influence factors

College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China

摘要

摘要: 水下爆炸破冰是复杂的爆破工程，为了研究冰层在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的破碎特性及规律，利用几何动力分析软件LS-DYNA对水下爆炸破冰的过程进行数值模拟，并将计算结果与实验结果进行对比，误差在8%以内，验证了数值模型的有效性。根据本文中的建模方法及建立的模型，计算不同的实验工况：实验场地环境不变，调整爆距分析不同爆距下冰层破碎特性；调整药量、爆距和冰厚，通过正交设计方法设计9组实验方案，应用灰色系统理论对3种因素进行分析，建立了各个因素与破冰半径之间的灰色关联度系数及灰色关联度。分析结果表明：药量为100 g，冰厚为29 cm，水深为2.9 m，爆距范围为0.3～1.5 m破冰的半径范围为0～1.1 m，最佳爆距范围在0.3～0.45 m之间；根据以上9种工况的分析可知，药量(100、200、300 g)、爆距(0.3、0.6、0.9 m)和冰厚(24、28、32 cm)对破冰半径的影响的主次关系依次为爆距、药量、冰厚。
- 水下爆炸 /
- 冲击波载荷 /
- 冰层破碎 /
- 正交试验 /
- 灰色系统理论 /
- 关联度
Abstract: Ice breaking by blasting is a complex process in underwater explosion engineering. In this study we examined the fragmentation characteristics of ice cover with underwater explosion shock wave and simulated the process of underwater explosion breaking ice process using LS-DYNA. We also compared the simulation result with the experimental data and found the min good agreement. Based on this we verified the simulation model and calculated different conditions. Then, keeping the test environment unchanged, we set different detonation distances, and calculated the radius of the ice breaking hole; varying the charge dosage, the detonation distance and the ice thickness, we designed nine group simulation conditions by the orthogonal design method, and analyzed the gray relational degrees and gray incidence coefficients between radius of breaking ice hole and different factors at different levels using the gray system theory. The analytical results showed that, at 100 g of the dosage, the ice thickness is 29 cm, the water depth is 2.9 m, the detonation distance range is 0.3−1.5 m, the radius range of breaking ice hole is 0−1.1 m, and the best detonation distance is between 0.3−0.45 m. According to the analysis of the above nine simulation conditions, the influencing factors that matter most remarkably in underwater ice breaking are the detonation distance (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 m), the dosage (100, 200, 300 g), and the ice thickness (24, 28, 32 cm), in order of their importance.
- underwater explosion /
- shock wave load /
- fragmentation of ice /
- orthogonal experiment /
- gray system theory /
- relational grade

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图 1 水下爆炸过程

Figure 1. Underwater explosion

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图 2 覆冰水下爆炸冲击波路径

Figure 2. Shock wave paths for an underwater explosion with overlying ice

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图 3 冰层破碎图

Figure 3. Ice cover fragment

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图 4 实验爆破前

Figure 4. Experiment sife

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图 5 冰层水压力云图

Figure 5. Water pressure contour of ice cover

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图 6 冰层破坏图

Figure 6. Ice cover fragment

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图 7 爆距对破冰的影响

Figure 7. Diameter of ice breaking holdversus denonation distance

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表 1 数值模拟中的材料模型和状态方程

Table 1. Material models and equation of statefor numerical simulation

材料	本构模型	状态方程
炸药	MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN	JWL
水	MAT_NULL	Grüneisen
冰	MAT_ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_FAILURE	无
土壤	MAT_ NULL	LINER_POLYNOMAL
空气	MAT_ NULL	LINER_POLYNOMAL

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表 2 正交试验因素水平

Table 2. Factor level of orthogonal experiment

水平	X₁/g	X₂/m	X₃/m
1	100	0.3	0.24
2	200	0.6	0.28
3	300	0.9	0.32

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表 3 正交试验设计方案

Table 3. Factor level of orthogonal experiment

工况	X₁/g	X₂/m	X₃/m
1	100	0.3	0.24
2	100	0.6	0.28
3	100	0.9	0.32
4	200	0.3	0.32
5	200	0.6	0.24
6	200	0.9	0.28
7	300	0.3	0.28
8	300	0.6	0.32
9	300	0.9	0.24

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表 4 正交试验各序列区域值

Table 4. Sequences region value of orthogonal experiment

工况	x₁	x₂	x₃	y
1	0	0	0	0.112
2	0	0.5	0.5	0.557
3	0	1.0	1.0	0.447
4	0.5	0	1.0	0.223
5	0.5	0.5	0	1.000
6	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.223
7	1.0	0	0.5	0.111
8	1.0	0.5	1.0	0
9	1.0	1.0	0	0.668

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表 5 不同因素在不同水平下对破冰半径的关联度系数及关联度

Table 5. Gray relational degrees and gray incidence coefficients between radius ofbreaking ice breaking hole and different factors at different levels

工况	关联度系数
工况	药量X₁	爆距X₂	冰厚X₃
1	0.940	0.970	0.940
2	0.632	1.000	1.000
3	0.687	0.633	0.633
4	0.796	0.834	0.543
5	0.659	0.659	0.476
6	0.796	0.543	0.796
7	0.507	0.94	0.721
8	0.476	0.659	0.476
9	0.757	0.757	0.584
关联度	0.694	0.774	0.685

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