力学环境约束下剪切销可靠性分析及优化设计

王若冰; 赵志军; 肖和业; 陈家文; 蒋晓磊

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0146

力学环境约束下剪切销可靠性分析及优化设计

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0146

西安现代控制技术研究所，陕西西安 710065

详细信息

作者简介:
王若冰(1986－　)，男，博士，高级工程师，robbin203@163.com

中图分类号: O347; TJ45; TB114.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 5446
- HTML全文浏览量: 2162
- PDF下载量: 49
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-27
- 修回日期: 2018-08-09
- 网络出版日期: 2019-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-01

Reliability analysis and design optimization of a shear pin constrained by mechanical boundaries

Xi’an Modern Control Technology Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 剪切销是火工装置关键部件，其可靠性不仅表现为点火作用下可靠剪断，还表现为受力学环境激励不发生断裂。本文中以多项式混沌展开方法为基础，建立了力学环境约束下的剪切销分析模型，结合序贯优化与可靠性分析方法，提出了剪切销可靠性优化设计的思路。以某型火工作动装置为应用实例，依据实用的力学环境，进行了剪切销可靠性分析及优化设计，揭示了设计参数与力学环境之间的关系，并获得了影响可靠性的关键参数。最后，开展了优化后的火工作动装置实验测试，结果佐证了优化设计的有效性。
- 可靠性分析 /
- 可靠性设计优化 /
- 多项式混沌展开 /
- 序贯优化 /
- 剪切销
Abstract: The shear pin is a key component of an explosive-actuated device. It must be cut by explosive force and guarantee regular work under mechanical environment in reliability analysis. The mechanical model of the shear pin constrained by the mechanical boundary is built based on the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method. Then, the sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) method is adopted to promote a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) for the shear pin. An explosive-actuated device is selected as an application example of reliability analysis and design, which is based on the idea proposed in this paper. Through the parametric sensitivity analysis of the shear pin, the relationship between designing parameters and mechanical environments is revealed and the effective factors on its reliability are obtained. At last, the explosive-actuated device is manufactured with optimal parameters and works normally under mechanical environment. It is proved that the promoted idea is accurate and useful for the reliability design and optimization of the shear pin under mechanical environments.
- reliability analysis /
- reliability-based design optimization /
- polynomial chaos expansion /
- sequential optimization /
- shear pin

HTML全文

图 1 SORA-PMA方法流程示意图

Figure 1. Flowchart of the SORA-PMA method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 火工作动装置内部结构图

Figure 2. Internal structure of the explosive actuated device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 容差、目标函数和归一化约束函数值的迭代收敛过程

Figure 3. Convergence history of tolerance, objective function and normalized constraints

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 火工作动装置工作后的照片

Figure 4. A photo of an explosive-actuated device after work

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 火工作动装置工作环境

Table 1. Work situation of the pyrotechnic pin

序号	工作状态	过载类型	加速度	作用时间/ms	要求
1	点火工作	静压力			剪切销可靠剪断
2	起落冲击	后峰锯齿波	20g	11	剪切销可靠锁止
3	发射冲击	半正弦波	3 000g	2	剪切销可靠锁止
4	载机加速	恒加速度	10g		剪切销可靠锁止
5	挂载飞行	随机振动	参见国家军用标准GJB 150.16A—2009附件中表C.4^[22]42和图C.10^[22]53中直升机挂飞振动条件		剪切销可靠锁止

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 影响火工作动装置可靠性的因素

Table 2. Influence factors on the pyrotechnic pin reliability

序号	参数符号	参数名称	参数均值	参数标准差
1	p_pow	火药工作产生压强	10 MPa	2.5 MPa
2	S₁	火药压力作用面积	500 mm²	5 mm²
3	d	剪切销截面直径	2.5 mm	0.1 mm
4	E	7075铝合金弹性模量	70 GPa	0.005 GPa
5	σ_b	7075铝合金极限强度	429 MPa	5 MPa
6	σ_fatigue	7075铝合金真实断裂强度	627 MPa	5 MPa
7	ε_fatigue	7075铝合金真实断裂延性	0.29	0.000 5
8	μ	泊松比	0.33	0.000 5
9	l	剪切面长度	3.5 mm	0.1 mm
10	ξ	损耗因子	0.005	0.001
11	m_cylinderpin	圆柱销质量	15 g	0.1 g
12	a_cylinderpin	圆柱销加速度	200 m/s²	10 m/s²
13	t_vib	振动时长	10 h	1 h
14	σ_mean	平均预紧力	400 MPa	5 MPa
15	a_impact	起落冲击(发射冲击)加速度幅值	200(30 000) m/s²	100 m/s²
16	t_impact	起落冲击(发射冲击)时长	11(3) ms	1 ms

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 变量对不同工作环境的不确定性灵敏度

Table 3. Uncertainty sensitivity of variables in different mechanic environments

参数	点火工作		产品发射		载机加速		载机起落		挂载飞行	综合影响系数
参数	τ₁	σ₁	σ₂	τ₂	τ₃	σ₃	σ₄	τ₄	σ₅	综合影响系数
p_pow	0.260	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.029
S₁	0.302	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034
d	0.289	0.226	0.199	0.178	0.378	0.233	0.236	0.258	0.254	0.250
E	0.000	0.106	0.092	0.128	0.000	0.110	0.064	0.072	0.063	0.070
σ_b	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.062	0.007
σ_fatigue	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.046	0.005
ε_fatigue	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.057	0.006
μ	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.107	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.071	0.000	0.020
l	0.000	0.000	0.126	0.099	0.000	0.000	0.135	0.043	0.000	0.045
ξ	0.000	0.019	0.012	0.010	0.000	0.016	0.019	0.017	0.034	0.014
m_cylinderpin	0.000	0.112	0.115	0.090	0.202	0.121	0.065	0.065	0.060	0.092
a_cylinderpin	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.203	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.023
t_vib	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.121	0.014
σ_mean	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.136	0.015
a_impact	0.000	0.173	0.156	0.130	0.000	0.158	0.173	0.159	0.000	0.106
t_impact	0.000	0.197	0.157	0.133	0.000	0.178	0.152	0.141	0.000	0.107
注：τ₁、τ₂、τ₃、τ₄为剪切应力，σ₁、σ₃为弯曲应力，σ₂、σ₄为拉伸应力，σ₅为疲劳破坏应力。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 设计变量初值、取值范围和优化值

Table 4. Initial values, ranges and optimal values of design variables

设计变量	单位	初值	优化值	取值范围
p_pow	MPa	10.00	13.51	[8, 15]
d	mm	2.50	1.49	[1, 2]
l	mm	3.50	2.62	[1, 3]
σ_mean	MPa	400	300	[300, 400]

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(22)

[1]	荣吉利, 宋乾强, 张涛. 一种预测航天火工装置可靠性的小样本方法 [J]. 宇航学报, 2015, 36(3): 360–364. DOI: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2015.03.016. RONG Jili, SONG Qianqiang, ZHANG Tao. A small sample method for predicting reliability of space pyrotechnic devices [J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2015, 36(3): 360–364. DOI: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2015.03.016.
[2]	荣吉利, 宋乾强, 张涛, 等. 冗余航天火工装置可靠性评估方法及应用 [J]. 宇航学报, 2013, 34(7): 1021–1026. DOI: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2013.07.019. RONG Jili, SONG Qianqiang, ZHANG Tao. Reliability assessment method for redundant aerospace pyrotechnic devices and its application [J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2013, 34(7): 1021–1026. DOI: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2013.07.019.
[3]	董海平, 蔡瑞娇, 穆慧娜. 火工品可靠性计量计数评估方法的有效性研究 [J]. 含能材料, 2008, 16(5): 553–555. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2008.05.020. DONG Haiping, CAI Ruijiao, MU Huina. Validity of variables attributes assessment method for reliability of initiating explosive devices [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2008, 16(5): 553–555. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2008.05.020.
[4]	董海平, 赵霞, 蔡瑞娇. 基于信息等值的火工品可靠性评估小样本方法 [J]. 兵工学报, 2011, 32(5): 554–558. DONG Haiping, ZHAO Xia, CAI Ruijiao. An assessment method of reliability of initiating devices based on information measure equivalency [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2011, 32(5): 554–558.
[5]	董海平, 蔡瑞娇, 穆慧娜, 等. 火工品可靠性的感度参数设计法 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(6): 613–616. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)06-0613-04 . DONG Haiping, CAI Ruijiao, MU Huina, et al. A sensitivity parameter design method for reliability of explosive initiators [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(6): 613–616. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)06-0613-04 .
[6]	伊枭剑, 董海平, 翟志强, 等. 基于应力-强度干涉模型的火工品可靠性设计方法 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2014, 34(10): 1007–1011. YI Xiaojian, DONG Haiping, ZHAI Zhiqiang, et al. Reliability design for initiating devices based on stress-strength interference model [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2014, 34(10): 1007–1011.
[7]	OUCH R, UKRITCHON B, PIPATPONGSA T, et al. Finite element analyses of the stability of a soil block reinforced by shear pins [J]. Geomechanics and Engineering, 2017, 12(6): 1021–1046.
[8]	孙洁, 郭崇星, 吴瑞德, 等. 拔销器作用过程的仿真研究 [J]. 火工品, 2017(1): 10–13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2017.01.004 SUN Jie, GUO Chongxing, WU Ruide, et al. Simulation research on the function process of the pin puller [J]. Initiators and Pyrotechnics, 2017(1): 10–13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2017.01.004
[9]	高滨. 火工作动装置设计参数的敏感性分析 [J]. 航天返回与遥感, 2006, 27(3): 57–60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8518.2006.03.011 GAO Bin. Design parameter sensitivity analysis of pyrotechnically actuated devices [J]. Space Craft Recovery and Remote Sensing, 2006, 27(3): 57–60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8518.2006.03.011
[10]	COLANTUONO T, GROSSONI I, ALLEN P, et al. The optimal strength of shear pins: requirements in point run-throughs [J]. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2016, 232(2): 2–19. DOI: 10.1177/0954409716682657.
[11]	SALTELLI A, RATTO M, ANDRES T, et al. Global sensitivity analysis: the primer [M]. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2008.
[12]	HELTON J C, JOHNSON J D, SALLABERRY C J, et al. Survey of sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis [J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2006, 91(10/11): 1175–1209.
[13]	IMAN R L, HELTON J C. An investigation of uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques for computer models [J]. Risk Analysis, 2010, 8(1): 71–90.
[14]	WIENER N. The homogeneous chaos [J]. American Journal of Mathematics, 1938, 60(4): 897–936. doi: 10.2307/2371268
[15]	DU Xiaoping, GUO Jia, BEERAM H. Sequential optimization and reliability assessment for multidisciplinary systems design [J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2008, 35(2): 117–130. DOI: 10.1007/s00158-007-0121-7.
[16]	崔卫东, 关云翔, 惠蕾. 拔销器的小型化设计 [J]. 火工品, 2006(2): 17–19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2006.02.005 CUI Weidong, GUAN Yunxiang, HUI Lei. Design of the small-sized piston actuator [J]. Initiators and Pyrotechnics, 2006(2): 17–19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1480.2006.02.005
[17]	汪凤泉. 电子设备振动与冲击手册 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998.
[18]	苟文选. 材料力学 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005.
[19]	徐鹏. 金属材料应变寿命曲线估算的新方法[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012. XU Peng. A new method for the estimation of strain-life curve of metals [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
[20]	陈小前, 姚雯, 欧阳琦. 飞行器不确定性多学科设计优化理论与应用 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013.
[21]	王若冰, 谷良贤, 龚春林. 随机-区间混合不确定性分层序列化多学科可靠性分析方法 [J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2016(1): 139–146. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2016.01.021. WANG Ruobing, GU Liangxian, GONG Chunlin. A stratified sequencing multi-disciplinary reliability analysis method under random and interval uncertainty [J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2016(1): 139–146. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2758.2016.01.021.
[22]	施荣明、朱广荣、吴飒, 等. 军用装备实验室环境试验方法: 第16部分: 振动试验: GJB 150. 16A-2009 [S]. 北京: 总装备部军标出版发行部, 2009: 42; 53.