基于重球触地实验的空区塌落振动分析及治理

仪海豹; 张西良; 杨海涛; 李明; 高琪琪; 金科

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0160

基于重球触地实验的空区塌落振动分析及治理

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0160

仪海豹^{1, 3,},
张西良^{1, 2},
杨海涛^{1, 3},
李明^{1, 3},
高琪琪³,
金科³

1.
中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司，安徽马鞍山 243000
2.
中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室，安徽合肥 230026
3.
金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室，安徽马鞍山 243000

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0602902)

详细信息

作者简介:
仪海豹(1987－　)，男，硕士，工程师，hang_tianfeiji@126.com

中图分类号: O382; TD73
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-20
- 修回日期: 2018-05-18
- 网络出版日期: 2019-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-01

Goaf collapse vibration analysis and disposal based on a experiment of heavy ball touchdown

YI Haibao^{1, 3
,},
ZHANG Xiliang^{1, 2},
YANG Haitao^{1, 3},
LI Ming^{1, 3},
GAO Qiqi³,
JIN Ke³

1.
Sinosteel Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Co. Ltd., Manshan 243000, Anhui, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, Manshan 243000, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 根据相似理论，以重球落地实验模拟采空区坍塌进而指导采空区治理为出发点，在振动波动特性分析的基础上，分别开展了质量为4 kg和10 kg的重球从1.0、1.5和2.0 m的高度落地的峰值振动速度测试实验；首次提出了累计振动速度衰减率和相对能量比概念；以普氏拱理论为基础，分析了采空区坍塌振动速度。研究表明：振动速度与重球质量和落地高度成正相关，且前者对累计衰减率的影响大于后者；随着测点距离的增大，振动速度整体表现为衰减趋势；重球质量为4 kg和10 kg时，在水平距离重球落地点3.0 m处的累计衰减率分别为79.79%～81.61%和79.95%～83.52%。不同介质交界面的反射和折射可引起振动速度的小幅度“跃增”。重球质量对振动能量衰减影响明显；质量越大，近区能量衰减越慢。采空区冒落体582.5～5 926.5 t，引起的振动速度远大于边坡安全允许值。采用“采空区顶板崩落+边坡削坡”方案进行治理后，边坡安全系数可达到1.26，消除采空区安全隐患。
- 重球触地实验 /
- 振动速度 /
- 采空区治理 /
- 数值分析
Abstract: Based on the similarity theory, the heavy ball landing experiments were conducted to simulate the collapse of the goaf in order to provide guidance for the goaf disposal. The particle peak vibration velocities corresponding to the balls with the mass 4 kg and 10 kg dropping from 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m respectively were measured experimentally on the basis of characteristics analysis of vibration wave. For the first time, the concepts of cumulative attenuation rate of vibration velocity and relative energy ratio were proposed. The collapse vibration velocity of the goaf was analyzed with the help of the Protodyakonov’s arch theory. The study shows that the mass and dropping height of the heavy ball are positively related to the vibration velocity, and the former has greater influence on the cumulative attenuation rate than that of the latter. With the increase of measuring distance, the overall vibration velocity shows an attenuation trend. The accumulative decay rates for 4 kg and 10 kg heavy balls at 3.0 m are 79.79%−81.61% and 79.95%−83.52%, respectively. Reflections and refractions at the interface of different media can cause a small " jump increase” in vibration velocity. The mass has a significant effect on vibration energy attenuation: the greater the mass, the slower the energy attenuation in the near area. The goaf collapsed mass is 582.5 t to 5 926.5 t and it causes the particle vibration velocity to be much larger than that of the safety allowable value. With the comprehensive treatment plan of " roof caving+slope slope cutting”, the slope safety factor can reach 1.26, completely eliminating the hidden dangers in the goaf area.
- heavy ball touchdown experiment /
- vibration velocity /
- goaf disposal /
- numerical analysis

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图 1 测点布置图

Figure 1. Measuring points layout

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图 2 现场实验照片

Figure 2. Field test photo

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图 3 不同测点的爆破峰值振动速度

Figure 3. Peak particle velocity of blasting vibration at different measuring points

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图 4 水平距离重球落地点0.5 m处测试得到的不同质量的重球从不同高度落地引起的地振动速度波形

Figure 4. Vibration velocity-time curves measured at the measuring point with the horizontal distance of 0.5 m away from the landing place of different-mass heavy balls free-falling from different heights

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图 5 对于不同的质量重球从不同高度落地累计振动速度衰减率与传播距离关系

Figure 5. Relations of cumulative attenuation rate and propagation distance for ground vibration induced by different-mass heavy balls free-falling from different heights and touching the ground

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图 6 应力波反射示意图

Figure 6. Schematic of stress wave reflection

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图 7 相对能量比随距离的变化

Figure 7. Variation of relative energy ratio with distance

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图 8 采空区位置剖面图

Figure 8. Section of goaf location

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图 9 平衡拱分析示意图

Figure 9. Schematic of balanced arch analysis

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图 10 设计治理后边坡剖面

Figure 10. Slope profile after goaf disposal

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图 11 采空区空间位置图

Figure 11. Goaf space location

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图 12 边坡安全系数计算模型

Figure 12. Calculation model of slope safety factor

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图 13 竖直应力等值线图

Figure 13. Vertical stress contour

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图 14 剪切应变率

Figure 14. Contour of shear strain rate

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表 1 振动测量数据

Table 1. Vibration measurement data

重球质量/kg	测点距离/m	峰值振动速度/(cm·s⁻¹)
		第1次	第2次	平均值	第1次	第2次	平均值	第1次	第2次	平均值
		高度 1.0 m			高度 1.5 m			高度 2.0 m
4	0.5	7.029	7.262	7.146	9.006	8.403	8.705	10.089	10.33	10.210
	1.0	6.215	6.670	6.443	6.737	8.022	7.380	9.120	8.686	8.903
	2.0	2.362	2.371	2.367	2.374	2.769	2.572	3.688	3.315	3.502
	3.0	1.326	1.386	1.356	1.591	1.506	1.549	2.002	2.009	2.006
	4.0	1.340	1.547	1.444	1.603	1.598	1.601	1.776	2.199	1.988
10	0.5	11.514	12.939	12.227	14.447	13.721	14.084	15.708	15.612	15.660
	1.0	11.747	11.886	11.817	13.492	13.865	13.679	14.714	15.075	14.895
	2.0	6.782	6.215	6.499	7.255	7.134	7.195	8.442	8.257	8.350
	3.0	1.881	2.270	2.076	2.095	2.546	2.321	3.143	3.136	3.140
	4.0	2.532	2.879	2.706	3.001	3.101	3.051	3.073	3.621	3.347

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表 2 对于不同的落球条件在不同测点得到的累计振动速度衰减率

Table 2. Cumulative vibration attenuation rates at different measuring points for different falling ball conditions

重球质量/kg	测点距离/m	振动速度/(cm·s⁻¹)	累计衰减率/%	振动速度/(cm·s⁻¹)	累计衰减率/%	振动速度/(cm·s⁻¹)	累计衰减率/%
重球质量/kg	测点距离/m	高度 1.0 m		高度 1.5 m		高度 2.0 m
4	0.5	7.146	0	8.705	0	10.210	0
	1.0	6.443	9.84	7.380	15.22	8.903	12.80
	2.0	2.367	66.88	2.572	70.45	3.502	65.70
	3.0	1.356	81.02	1.549	82.21	2.006	80.35
	4.0	1.444	79.79	1.601	81.61	1.988	80.53
10	0.5	12.227	0	14.084	0	15.660	0
	1.0	11.817	3.35	13.679	2.88	14.895	4.89
	2.0	6.499	46.85	7.195	48.91	8.350	46.68
	3.0	2.076	83.02	2.321	83.52	3.140	79.95
	4.0	2.706	77.87	3.051	78.34	3.347	78.63

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表 3 相对能量比

Table 3. Relative energy ratio

重球质量/kg	测点距离/m	v²/(cm·s⁻¹)²	k/%	v²/(cm·s⁻¹)²	k/%	v²/(cm·s⁻¹)²	k/%
重球质量/kg	测点距离/m	高度 1.0 m		高度 1.5 m		高度 2.0 m
4	0.5	51.07	100	75.78	100	104.24	100
	1.0	41.51	81.29	54.46	71.87	79.26	76.04
	2.0	5.60	10.97	6.62	8.73	12.26	11.76
	3.0	1.84	3.60	2.40	3.17	4.02	3.86
	4.0	2.09	4.08	2.56	3.38	3.95	3.79
10	0.5	149.50	100	198.36	100	245.24	100
	1.0	139.64	93.41	187.12	94.33	221.86	90.47
	2.0	42.24	28.25	51.77	26.10	69.72	28.43
	3.0	4.31	2.88	5.39	2.72	9.86	4.02
	4.0	7.32	4.90	9.31	4.69	11.20	4.57

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