平面激波加载下砂墙结构的冲击响应特性

王宏亮; 田宙; 浦锡锋; 姚成宝; 寿列枫

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0179

平面激波加载下砂墙结构的冲击响应特性

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0179

王宏亮^1,,
田宙¹,
浦锡锋¹,
姚成宝^{1, 3},
寿列枫^{1, 2}

1.
西北核技术研究院，陕西西安 710024
2.
北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081
3.
北京大学数学学院，北京 100871

详细信息

作者简介:
王宏亮（1983－　），女，博士研究生，助理研究员，wanghl_2105@163.com

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-05-25
- 修回日期: 2018-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2019-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-01

Dynamic responses of sand wall under planar shock loading

1.
Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, Shaanxi, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
3.
School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要

摘要: 砂墙结构在爆炸安全防护领域具有广泛应用，为了研究激波加载下砂墙结构的冲击响应特性，基于水平激波管实验装置，开展平面激波冲击砂墙结构系列实验，采用高速纹影摄像系统捕捉流场中激波波系的演化过程和砂墙结构的运动过程。入射激波马赫数为1.827～2.413，相应入射激波载荷强度为0.378～0.724 MPa。砂墙结构利用铁砂、矾土、石英砂3种实验用砂制备，所制备砂墙结构孔隙度分别为56.6%、69.3%、56.6%。高速纹影照片显示：平面激波冲击砂墙结构发生反射和透射，伴随入射激波和透射激波的传播，在百微秒内，砂墙未产生显著运动，表现出显著的类固体动力学响应特性。基于冲击理论，确定了铁砂墙、矾土砂墙、石英砂墙的线性冲击关系，冲击关系中线性常数λ值量级为100，根据凝聚介质实用状态方程推断：较低强度载荷冲击作用下，砂墙主要产生体积变形，而由冲击引起的热能效应则可以忽略。
- 平面激波 /
- 砂墙 /
- 冲击响应 /
- 高速纹影
Abstract: In order to study the dynamic response behavior of a sand wall in the process of the shock-sand wall interaction, experiments are carried out in a horizontal shock tube. A high-speed schlieren imaging system is used to capture the instantaneous structures of shock wave and moving process of the sand wall in the flow field. The incident shock Mach number ranges from 1.827 to 2.413, and the incident shock strength ranges from 0.378 MPa to 0.724 MPa. Three different kinds of sand walls are constructed using well-size-distributed iron sand, bauxite sand and quartz sand, the corresponding porosities of these sand walls are 56.6%, 69.3% and 56.6%, respectively. High-speed schlieren photographs show that regular reflection occurs when the incident shock wave impacts the sand wall. Moreover, the sand wall does not move significantly until the hundreds of microseconds after the onset of the interaction, indicating that the dynamic response behavior of the sand wall is similar to that of a rigid body. Basing on the shock wave theory, the Hugoniot relations for sand walls made from three different materials are established. The bulk elastic moduli of iron-, bauxite- and quartz-sand walls are 0.913, 0.478, and 0.225 GPa, respectively. The constant λ in the Hugoniot relations is on the order of 100. It is concluded that the relatively low shock impacting majorly leads to the volume deformation of the sand wall, and the heat effect of the sand wall caused by shock loading may be unimportant.
- planar shock wave /
- sand wall /
- dynamic response /
- high-speed schlieren

HTML全文

图 1 水平激波管实验测试系统照片^[9]

Figure 1. A photo of horizontal shock tube test system^[9]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 水平激波管示意图^[9]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of horizontal shock tube^[9]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 制备完成的砂墙结构及其装配完成照片^[9]

Figure 3. Photos for the prepared sand structure and its assembly^[9]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 工况1的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 4. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 工况2的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 5. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 2

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 工况3的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 6. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 3

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 工况4的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 7. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 4

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 工况5的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 8. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 5

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 工况6的流场瞬时高速纹影照片

Figure 9. High-speed schlieren photos of flow field at different times in the case 6

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 砂墙冲击状态关系图

Figure 10. Diagram illustrating the determination of Hugoniot particle velocity and stress state of sand wall

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图 11 不同材料砂墙冲击状态关系对比

Figure 11. Comparison of D-u relations of different sand walls made with quartz, iron and bauxte particles

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表 1 砂墙结构参数

Table 1. Characteristic parameters of sand walls in seven experimental cases

工况	充气压力/MPa	厚度/mm	颗粒直径/μm	孔隙度/%	初始表观密度/(kg·m⁻³)	材料
1	2	20	250	56.6	3 060	铁砂
2	4	20	250	56.6	3 060	铁砂
3	2	20	10	69.3	1 196	矾土
4	4	20	10	69.3	1 196	矾土
5	5	30	250	56.6	1 146	石英砂
6	5	30	250	56.6	1 146	石英砂
7	4	20	250	56.6	1 146	石英砂

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表 2 所有工况中冲击波的传播速度

Table 2. Propagation velocities of shock waves in all cases

工况	入射激波马赫数	入射激波速度/(m·s⁻¹)	透射激波速度/(m·s⁻¹)	反射激波速度/(m·s⁻¹)
1	1.827	632	767	331
2	2.402	831	993	391
3	2.000	692	767	331
4	2.413	835	858	361
5	2.402	831	948	361
6	2.503	866	993	391
7	2.402	831	933

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表 3 砂墙冲击关系确定所涉及的过程状态数据

Table 3. Process state data for determining impact relation of sand wall

工况	入射激波波后流体速度/(m·s⁻¹)	入射激波波阵面压力/MPa	入射激波波后流体密度/(kg·m⁻³)	反射激波运动速度/(m·s⁻¹)	冲击界面运动速度/(m·s⁻¹)	砂墙冲击关系
1	369	0.378	2.846	331	0.43	D=513.7u+546.1
2	572	0.665	3.809	383	0.87	D=513.7u+546.1
3	433	0.456	3.160	344	1.54	D=87.6u+632.1
4	576	0.652	3.826	369	2.58	D=87.6u+632.1
5	572	0.665	3.809	372	2.41	D=209.7u+443.5
6	606	0.724	3.954	382	2.62	D=209.7u+443.5

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表 4 干砂冲击状态关系文献发表实验结果

Table 4. Hugoniot relations of dry sand reported in other literatures

序号	应力/GPa	初始粒径/μm	初始密度/(kg·m⁻³)	体积声速/(m·s⁻¹)	斜率 λ	参考文献
序号	应力/GPa	砂样条件		冲击绝热线		参考文献
1	1～6	70～140	1 490	504	1.6	Dianov, et al^[14]
2	0.5～3.0	< 850	1 380～1 450	560	1.69	Perry, et al^[17]
3	0.53～5.76	230	1 430 ± 50	530	1.64	Chapman, et al^[15]
4	0.3～1.8	～200	1 570	243	2.348	Brown, et al^[16]

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参考文献(18)

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