A mass model for behind-armor debris generated by normal penetration of a variable cross-section explosively-formed projectile into an armor steel plate
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摘要: 考虑爆炸成型弹丸(explosively-formed projectile，EFP)变截面的特性，基于流体力学Bernoulli方程和绝热剪切理论，改进了EFP垂直侵彻装甲钢板靶后破片质量模型，结合已有的试验数据和数值仿真方法检验了改进后模型的准确性。在此基础上，分析了靶板厚度和EFP着靶速度对靶板和EFP产生的靶后破片质量的影响规律。结果表明：相比于改进前的模型，改进后的模型能够更准确地解释靶板和EFP产生的靶后破片质量随靶板厚度和EFP着靶速度的变化规律；当EFP着靶速度为1 650 m/s时，随着靶板厚度从30 mm增大到70 mm，EFP变截面的特性对靶板和EFP产生靶后破片质量的影响不断增强；当靶板厚度为40 mm时，随着EFP着靶速度从1 650 m/s升高到1 860 m/s，EFP变截面的特性对靶板和EFP产生靶后破片质量的影响不断减弱。Abstract: The function of an explosively-formed projectile (EFP) is not only penetrating the armor but also destroying the equipment behind the armor by behind-armor debris (BAD). It is necessary to predict the mass of BAD since the mass distribution of BAD is an important measurement to evaluate the level of destruction caused by BAD. A mass model for BAD generated by normal penetration of an EFP into an armor steel plate was improved by considering the variable cross-section characteristic of the EFP, basing on Bernoulli's equation of the flowing fluid and adiabatic shear theory. The accuracy of the model was validated by the experimental data and numerical simulation results. Therefore, the influences of the thickness of the target and the impact velocity of the EFP on the mass of BAD generated by the target and EFP were investigated. The results indicate: (1) compared with the previous model, the improved model can more accurately explain the mass variation of BAD generated by the target and EFP with the thickness of the target and the impact velocity of the EFP; (2) as the impact velocity of the EFP is 1 650 m/s, with the thickness of the target increasing from 30 mm to 70 mm, the effect of the variable cross-section characteristics on the mass of BAD generated by the target and EFP is constantly increasing; (3) as the thickness of the target is 40 mm, with the increase of the initial velocity of the EFP from 1 650 m/s to 1 860 m/s, the effect of the variable cross-section characteristics on the mass of BAD generated by the target and EFP is constantly decreasing.
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图 1 某典型爆炸成型弹丸的形状
Figure 1. The shape of a certain typical explosively-formed projectile
图 2 爆炸成型弹丸（EFP）垂直侵彻靶板的过程
Figure 2. The process of an explosively-formed projectile (EFP) normally penetrating into a target
图 8 某典型EFP垂直侵彻靶板的出孔形状(单位：mm)
Figure 8. The exit hole shape of a target normally penetrated by a certain typical EFP (unit in mm)
图 9 不同靶板厚度条件下的靶后破片质量
Figure 9. Mass of behind-armor debris for different thicknesses of targets
图 10 不同EFP着靶速度条件下的靶后破片质量
Figure 10. Mass of behind-armor debris for different impact velocities of EFPs
表 1 不同靶板厚度条件下靶后破片质量的偏差
Table 1. Mass deviations of behind-armor debris for different thicknesses of targets
H0/mm εt，bjm/% εt，djm/% εp，bjm/% εp，djm/% 30 4.1 13.5 3.5 32.0 40 1.8 12.3 2.9 40.3 50 0.8 25.9 4.1 45.4 60 7.4 55.4 7.4 54.8 70 6.0 70.1 10.4 64.3 
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表 2 不同EFP着靶速度条件下靶后破片质量的偏差
Table 2. Mass deviations of behind-armor debris for different impact velocities of EFPs
v0/（m·s−1） εt，bjm/% εt，djm/% εp，bjm/% εp，djm/% 1 650 1.8 12.3 2.9 40.3 1 680 3.9 11.2 2.4 38.6 1 740 4.9 9.6 1.2 37.1 1 800 2.7 5.0 1.2 36.1 1 860 2.2 2.3 0.4 34.1
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