高应变率下纯水冰和杂质冰的动态力学行为

李尚昆; 冯晓伟; 谢若泽; 张方举; 胡文军; 徐伟芳; 黄西成

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0270

高应变率下纯水冰和杂质冰的动态力学行为

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0270

李尚昆^{1, 2,},
冯晓伟¹,
谢若泽^{1, 2, ,},
张方举^{1, 2},
胡文军^{1, 2},
徐伟芳^{1, 2},
黄西成^{1, 2}

1.
中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川绵阳 621999
2.
工程材料与结构冲击振动四川省重点实验室，四川绵阳 621999

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11502258，11472257，11572299）；中物院创新基金（2017cxj07）

详细信息

作者简介:
李尚昆（1992－　），男，硕士，研究实习员，lishangkun192@163.com

通讯作者:
谢若泽（1970－　），男，硕士，研究员，xierz@caep.cn

中图分类号: O383
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-24
- 修回日期: 2018-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-01

Dynamic compression property of distill-water ice and impurity-water ice at high strain rates

LI Shangkun^{1, 2
,},
FENG Xiaowei¹,
XIE Ruoze^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Fangju^{1, 2},
HU Wenjun^{1, 2},
XU Weifang^{1, 2},
HUANG Xicheng^{1, 2}

1.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 通过采用大热惯性试件快速加载技术和波形整形技术，对3种冰材料在−18 ℃下的动态压缩性能进行测试，实验中试件达到了应力均衡和近似恒应变率加载等条件。通过实验波形对比分析，解释了反射波和透射波中的“双峰现象”。在700～2 700 s⁻¹的应变率范围内，纯冰试件的压缩强度为14.5～49.3 MPa，相比于准静态结果表现出明显的动态增强效应。含有杂质的冰试件总体峰值应力相比于纯水冰试件有较大提升，而峰值应力对应的平均应变在减小，这表明添加了杂质的冰试件动态模量增大，冰材料变得更硬，其抵抗变形的能力更强。b型试件所表现出的强度（41.3～51.6 MPa）较a、c型试件均有提高并且分散性较小，说明该试件中杂质与冰晶体之间的结合力较强，抑制了微裂纹的萌生、扩展、成核等过程。
- SHPB /
- 冰试件 /
- 动态压缩性能 /
- 波形整形技术
Abstract: The dynamic strength of three kinds of ice specimens at −18 ℃ were tested by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method. The pulse-shaping technology was used to achieve constant strain rate loading and stress equalization. The double-peak phenomena of reflection wave and transmission wave were explained by comparing with stress waveforms. The compression stress of distill-water ice in the strain rate range from 700 to 2 700 s⁻¹ is 14.5−49.3 MPa, and it is much higher than the static data. Generally, the dynamic compression stress of the impurity-water ice is higher than that of the distill-water ice, this indicate that the ice specimens become harder after adding impurities, and the capability to resist deformation is enhanced. Compared with a-type and c-type specimens, the crack stress of b-type specimens becomes higher and its dispersiveness is lower. This indicates that the adhesive forces between impurities and ice crystals become stronger, and the expending and nucleate process of cracks is restrained.
- SHPB /
- ice specimen /
- dynamic compression property /
- pulse-shaping technology

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图 1 冰试件的形貌

Figure 1. The shape of ice specimens

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图 2 冰试件的升降温曲线

Figure 2. The warming and cooling curves of ice specimens

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图 3 SHPB系统示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of SHPB apparatus

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图 4 实验前冰试件的状态

Figure 4. State of an ice specimen before experiment

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图 5 加整形器前后入射波的对比

Figure 5. Incident waves without and with shaping

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图 6 加整形器后试件两端应力平衡历程图

Figure 6. The stress balance process of the specimen with shaping

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图 7 两种冲击速度下试件应力、应变率相对应变的曲线

Figure 7. Stress and strain rate of the specimens varying with strain at two impact velocities

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图 8 两种不同应变率下典型的波形曲线

Figure 8. The representative waveform curves at two strain rates

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图 9 不同应变率下试件的应力应变曲线

Figure 9. Stress-strain curves of the specimens at different strain rates

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图 10 宽应变率下冰材料的峰值应力

Figure 10. Peak stresses of ice specimens in a wide strain rate range

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图 11 3种冰试件峰值应力随应变率的变化

Figure 11. Peak stresses for three styles of ice specimens at different strain rates

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表 2 冰试件峰值应力的统计结果

Table 2. The statistice results of peak stress for ice specimens

试件类型	峰值应力平均值/MPa	标准差/MPa	最小值/MPa	最大值/MPa
a	26.8	9.1	14.5	49.3
b	46.8	3.2	41.3	51.6
c	39.5	11.1	21.3	55.4

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表 1 部分冰试件的实验结果

Table 1. Part of experimental results

试件编号	加载速度/(m·s⁻¹)	峰值应力/MPa	峰值应力处应变/%	应变率/s⁻¹
a-03	8.8	14.5	1.27	1 053
a-06	8.8	18.4	1.58	1 143
a-11	12.0	22.0	1.55	1 396
a-12	12.0	21.9	1.09	1 502
a-21	17.9	27.6	1.14	1 687
a-22	18.4	25.5	1.47	2 331
b-02	12.5	50.4	0.88	837
b-05	12.1	47.3	1.18	772
b-06	21.6	51.6	1.18	1 688
b-08	21.6	47.1	1.13	1 592
c-05	9.3	21.3	1.06	1 058
c-12	12.0	46.7	1.08	1 251
c-15	17.4	55.4	1.15	1 655
c-17	17.1	51.5	1.34	1 627
c-18	21.2	51.4	1.25	1 845

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