Experimental and numerical study on projectiles’ high-velocity penetration into reinforced concrete
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摘要: 为了得到钢筋混凝土目标在动能弹高速冲击作用下的破坏数据，基于大口径发射平台进行了100 mm口径卵形弹体高速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶体的实验，弹体质量为5.4 kg，靶体尺寸分为2 m × 2 m × 1.25 m 和 2 m × 2 m × 1.50 m两种，混凝土抗压强度为50 MPa，弹体侵彻速度为1 345～1 384 m/s，实验获得了弹体的侵彻深度及钢筋混凝土靶体的破坏数据。通过“钢筋混凝土全体单元分离式共节点建模方法”建立钢筋混凝土靶体模型，结合Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma本构模型对实验工况进行计算。数值模拟给出了侵彻过程中钢筋的拉压力变化和分布规律，很好地模拟出贴近迎弹面钢筋在弹体高速冲击作用下伴随混凝土反向飞溅而产生的反向拉伸现象及靶体背面钢筋在混凝土崩落作用下发生的拉伸现象；数值模拟得到的弹体侵深数据、现象与实验结果吻合良好，实验验证了“钢筋混凝土全体单元分离式共节点建模方法”的可靠性。Abstract: In order to obtain the damage data of reinforced concrete targets subjected to high-velocity impact of kinetic-energy projectiles, based on the large-caliber launch platform, penetration experiments were carried out by applying 100-mm-caliber oval projectiles with high velocity penetrating into reinforced concrete targets. The projectile mass is 5.4 kg, and the target dimensions have two kinds: 2 m × 2 m × 1.25 m and 2 m × 2 m × 1.50 m. The compressive strength of the concrete is 50 MPa, and the penetration velocity of the projectile ranges from 1 345 to 1 384 m/s. The penetration depths of the projectiles and the damage data of the reinforced concrete targets were obtained by the experiment. The reinforced concrete target model was established through the reinforced concrete all solid hexahedral separation common node modeling. The numerical simulation was then carried out by this modeling method combined with the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma constitutive model. Numerical simulation results display the variation and distribution of the tensile and compressive stresses in the steel bars in the penetration process. The reverse stretching phenomenon of the rebar mesh near the front surface and the tensile phenomenon of the rebar mesh near the rear surface are perfectly simulated by this method. The simulated penetration depth and the damage phenomenon of the reinforced concrete are in good agreement with the experimental results. It proves the reliability of the reinforced concrete all solid hexahedral separation common node modeling.
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Key words:
- penetration /
- reinforced concrete /
- structural damage /
- common node modeling
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图 4 弹体以1 345 m/s的速度冲击钢筋混凝土靶体的高速摄影图像
Figure 4. High-speed photographic images for a projectile with the initial velocity of 1 345 m/s penetrating into a reinforced concrete target
图 5 不同厚度的靶体在不同初始速度的弹体冲击作用下正反面的破坏现象
Figure 5. Damaged front and rear surfaces of the targets with different thicknesses impacted by the projectiles with different initial velocities
图 8 钢筋混凝土靶表面板破坏数据记录方法
Figure 8. The recording method for caving sizes of reinforced concrete targets
图 10 在初始撞击速度为1 384 m/s的侵彻过程中尺寸为2 m×2 m×1.25 m的钢筋混凝土靶体的应力分布
Figure 10. Effective stress distribution in the reinforced concrete target with the size of 2 m×2 m× 1.25 m during the penetration process with the initial impact velocity of 1 384 m/s
图 11 在初始撞击速度为1 384 m/s的侵彻过程中尺寸为2 m×2 m×1.25 m的钢筋混凝土靶体内部钢筋网拉压力分布
Figure 11. Tensile and compressive stress distribution of steel mesh in the reinforced concrete target with the size of 2 m×2 m× 1.25 m during the penetration process at the initial impact velocity of 1 384 m/s
图 12 在初始撞击速度为1 384 m/s的侵彻下尺寸为2 m×2 m×1.25 m的钢筋混凝土靶体的破坏
Figure 12. Damage of the reinforced concrete target with the size of 2 m×2 m×1.25 m at the initial impact velocity of 1 384 m/s
图 13 提取到的钢筋与混凝土共节点的位置分布
Figure 13. Distribution of the selected common nodes between steel reinforcement and concrete
图 14 靶体内部同一截面内、不同位置处，钢筋与混凝土共节点的位移对比(第5层)
Figure 14. Displacement of the common nodes between steel reinforcement and concrete at different positions in the same layer (the fifth layer)
图 15 靶体内部不同深度，钢筋与混凝土共节点C的位移
Figure 15. The displacement of the common node C between steel reinforcement and concrete at different depths
图 16 数值模拟侵彻深度与实验数据的对比
Figure 16. Comparison of penetration depths between numerical and experimental results
表 1 实验工况及结果
Table 1. Experimental conditions and results
实验编号 靶板尺寸 弹体速度/(m·s−1) 弹体深度/cm 状态 1 2 m × 2 m × 1.25 m 1 370 59 击中钢筋 2 2 m × 2 m × 1.25 m 1 384 102 未击中钢筋 3 2 m × 2 m × 1.50 m 1 345 73 未击中钢筋 4 2 m × 2 m × 1.50 m 1 347 49 击中钢筋 
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表 2 靶体迎弹面混凝土崩落数据
Table 2. Concrete caving data of target front surface
实验编号 D1/cm D2/cm D3/cm D4/cm D/cm 1 116.2 111.7 151.9 127.4 126.8 2 110.0 107.1 134.2 127.7 119.8 3 161.3 148.4 264.5 197.4 192.9 4 148.4 138.5 160.5 173.6 155.3
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表 3 弹体和钢筋的材料参数
Table 3. Material parameters of projectiles and rebar
材料 密度/(g·cm−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 屈服强度/MPa 弹体 7.85 207 0.3 835 钢筋 7.80 210 0.3 235
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