基于DIHPB技术的高应变率剪切测试方法

刘宇; 许泽建; 汤忠斌; 张炜琪; 黄风雷

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0301

基于DIHPB技术的高应变率剪切测试方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0301

1.
北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081
2.
西北工业大学航空学院，陕西西安 710072

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11772062，11302030）；爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室自主研究（YBKT17-03）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘　宇（1993－　），男，硕士研究生，752866923@qq.com

通讯作者:
许泽建（1979－　），男，博士，副教授，xuzejian@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-08-15
- 修回日期: 2018-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2019-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

A high-strain-rate shear testing method based on the DIHPB technique

1.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
2.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 在测试材料动态力学性能时，直接撞击式霍布金森压杆（direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar，DIHPB）实验系统相对于分离式霍布金森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB），往往能获得更高的应变率。本文中采用一种新型双剪切试样，在DIHPB系统下对603钢进行了动态剪切测试。获得了603钢在应变率1 500～33 000 s⁻¹的剪应力-剪应变曲线，并与SHPB系统下的测试结果进行了对比。结果表明，由两种测试方法获得的流动应力具有较好的一致性，但曲线的上升沿存在明显区别。采用数值模拟对DIHPB方法的准确性进行了验证，并对该实验方法的适用条件进行了分析。采用DIHPB方法，可以观察到603钢的流动应力存在明显的应变率效应，但在较高的加载速度下材料的失效应力随着加载速度的增加而呈降低趋势。
- 直接撞击式霍布金森压杆（DIHPB） /
- 分离式霍布金森压杆（SHPB） /
- 高应变率 /
- 动态剪切
Abstract: Compared to the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique, the direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar (DIHPB) method can usually obtain a higher strain rate in dynamic tests of material properties. Based on the DIHPB system, a new double shear specimen was used to measure the shear stress-shear strain curves of 603 steel at strain rates ranging from 1 500 s⁻¹ to 33 000 s⁻¹. Through comparison with the testing results achieved in a SHPB system, it is found that the flow stresses determined by the two methods have a good consistency, but a difference exists in the rising parts of the flow stress curves. Numerical simulation was carried out to validate the DIHPB method, and the proper testing condition of this method was analyzed. With this method, it was observed that the flow stress of 603 steel showed an obvious strain rate effect. At higher loading speeds, however, the failure stress of the material presented a decreasing tendency with the increase of the loading speed.
- direct impact Hopkinson pressure bar (DIHPB) /
- split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) /
- high strain rate /
- dynamic shear

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图 1 新型双剪切试样及夹持装置示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of NDSS sample and fixture

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图 2 DIHPB系统实验原理图

Figure 2. Illustration of experimental system

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图 3 603钢实验前后的试样

Figure 3. Specimens of 603 steel before and after experiment

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图 4 不同加载速度下的透射应变曲线

Figure 4. Transmission strain curves of 603 steel at different projectile velocities

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图 5 不同应变率下的剪应力-剪应变曲线

Figure 5. Shear stress-shear strain curves of 603 steel at different strain rates

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图 6 DIHPB及SHPB方法在相似应变率下的实验结果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of shear stress-shear strain curves between DIHPB and SHPB systems at close strain rates

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图 7 DIHPB及SHPB方法的应变率曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of shear strain rate curves between DIHPB and SHPB systems

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图 8 603钢高速加载下的剪应力曲线

Figure 8. Shear stress curves of 603 steel at higher projectile velocities

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图 9 有限元模型及网格划分情况

Figure 9. Finite element model and meshing

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图 10 模拟中撞击杆及透射杆端面的受力曲线

Figure 10. Force curves at projectile and transmitter bar ends in simulation

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图 11 透射杆应变曲线的模拟与实验结果对比

Figure 11. Comparison of transmission strain curves between experimental and simulation results

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图 12 应力-应变曲线的模拟与实验结果对比

Figure 12. Comparison of stress-strain curves between experimental and simulation results

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图 13 透射杆应变的模拟与实验结果对比

Figure 13. Comparison of transmitted strain curves between experimental and simulation results

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表 1 模拟中的材料本构

Table 1. Material constants for Johnson-Cook model

材料	$A/{\rm{MPa}}$	$B/{\rm{MPa}}$	$C$	$n$	$m$	${\dot \varepsilon _0}/{{\rm{s}}^{ - 1}}$	${T_{\rm m}}/{\rm{K}}$	${T_{\rm r}}/{\rm{K}}$
603 钢	1 276.1	262.7	0.009 43	0.061 6	0.584 69	1	1 723	288
7075 铝合金	503	303.58	0.97	0.39	0.77	1	600	298

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表 2 模拟中的材料物理参数

Table 2. Material parameters used in finite element simulation

部位	材料	ρ/( ${\rm{g}} \cdot {\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{ - 3}}$ )	$E/{\rm{GPa}}$	$\nu$	λ/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	c/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)
入射杆	18 镍钢	8.0	190	0.3
试样	603 钢	7.8	210	0.3	45	480
夹具	高强钢	7.8	210	0.3
透射杆	7075 铝合金	2.7	70	0.3

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