Experimental studies on characteristics of explosion pressure loadin cylinder apparatus
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摘要: 为了研究密闭环境压力载荷波形特征和分布规律，开展了长径比2∶1圆筒装置的TNT装药内爆炸实验，获取了圆筒壁面、端盖板表面的压力载荷数据，结合仿真计算结果，研究了圆筒壁面、端盖板上压力载荷波形特征和形成机理，建立了压力载荷峰值的表征模型，并开展了模型验证。结果表明，圆筒壁面与盖板压力载荷波形不完全相同，壁面压力载荷按照爆心距由近到远，从显著的单波峰向多峰值变化，在近场区域压力载荷衰减特性与一定炸高自由地面冲击波类似；盖板上压力载荷呈多波峰特点，中心区域压力载荷最大峰值大于首峰值的3倍，角隅区域大于首峰值6倍；圆筒壁面上的压力载荷最大峰呈现凹型分布规律。该研究结果可为密闭环境内爆载荷的特性分析和结构毁伤评估提供参考。Abstract: In order to study explosion pressure load distribution characteristics in closed environment, a TNT charge internal explosion experiment of cylinder apparatus with an aspect ratio of 2∶1 was carried out. Pressure load data of the cylinder wall and cover plate were obtained, and the pressure load characteristics and distribution laws of the wall and cover plate were analyzed combining the simulation results. The model of peak pressure load was established and validated. The results show that the pressure load waveforms of the cylinder wall and cover plate are not exactly identical, and the cylinder wall pressure load changes from obvious single wave peak to multiple peak values as the distance to explosion center increasing. The attenuation characteristics of pressure load in the near-field area were similar to that of a free ground blast wave with certain explosion height. The pressure load of the cover plate shows a characteristic of multiple wave peaks, of which, the maximum peak of the pressure load in the central area is 3 times larger than the first peak value, and the corner part is 6 times larger than the first peak value. The maximum peak of the pressure load on the cylinder wall shows a concave distribution. The results of this study can provide reference for the analysis of the internal explosion pressure load and evaluation of the structure damage.
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图 1 圆筒爆炸装置及测点布设位置
Figure 1. Cylinder explosion apparatus and locations of measuring points
图 2 120 g TNT装药圆筒壁面测点的压力载荷曲线
Figure 2. Pressure histories of 4 measuring points on cylinder wall at charge of 120 g TNT
图 3 120 g TNT装药圆筒盖板测点的压力载荷曲线
Figure 3. Pressure histories of four measuring points on cover plate at charge of 120 g TNT
图 4 40、80 g TNT装药在圆筒盖板P7测点的压力载荷曲线
Figure 4. Pressure histories of P7 measuring points on cover plate at charge of 40 g, 80 g TNT
图 5 120 g TNT装药圆筒装置内爆炸冲击波压力云图
Figure 5. Pressure cloud diagram of cylinder internal explosion blast wave at charge of 120 g TNT
图 6 120 g TNT装药圆筒装置测点P6、P7的冲击波压力曲线
Figure 6. Pressure histories of P6 and P7 measuring points at charge of 120 g TNT
表 1 40、80、120 g TNT装药圆筒壁面、端盖的压力载荷峰值测量结果
Table 1. Measurement results of peak pressure of the cylinder wall and cover plate at charge of 40 g, 80 g and 120 g TNT
测量点 首峰值/MPa 最大峰值/MPa 首峰值/MPa 最大峰值/MPa 首峰值/MPa 最大峰值/MPa 40 g TNT 80 g TNT 120 g TNT P1 4.17 4.17 7.39 7.39 9.37 9.37 P2 4.10 4.10 5.15 5.15 5.37 5.37 P3 1.24 1.24 1.79 1.79 2.73 2.73 P4 0.68 2.68 1.09 3.09 1.52 3.52 P5 0.41 2.46 0.677 2.34 1.20 3.34 P6 0.336 2.22 0.536 2.66 1.15 3.85 P7 0.386 2.35 0.555 2.79 1.18 3.67 P8 0.395 4.13 0.517 5.09 1.19 7.63 
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