花岗岩晶粒尺寸对岩爆影响的试验研究

苏国韶; 陈冠言; 胡小川; 梅诗明; 黄小华

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0419

花岗岩晶粒尺寸对岩爆影响的试验研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0419

广西大学土木建筑工程学院工程防灾与结构安全教育部重点实验室，广西南宁 530004

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51869003，51569004)；广西研究生教育创新计划(YCBZ2018025)

详细信息

作者简介:
苏国韶（1973－　），男，博士，教授，guoshaosu@gxu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡小川（1990－　），男，博士研究生，h_xchuan@163.com

中图分类号: O382; TV672; TU458
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- 被引次数: 1
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-29
- 修回日期: 2019-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Experimental study on influence of granite grain size on rockburst

Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究晶粒尺寸对硬脆性岩石岩爆的影响，利用真三轴岩爆试验系统，对细中、中粗两种不同晶粒尺寸的含预制圆孔花岗岩开展了岩爆模拟试验。试验结果表明：在相同的加载过程中，细中晶粒花岗岩出现板裂静态脆性破坏，而中粗晶粒花岗岩出现岩爆动力破坏；细中晶粒花岗岩早期声发射活动较弱，大破裂、低主频事件在时空分布上较集中，特征应力较大，而中粗晶粒花岗岩早期声发射活动较活跃，大破裂、低主频事件在时空分布上较离散，特征应力较小，碎屑破碎程度更高。晶粒尺寸对花岗岩的岩爆倾向性具有重要影响，晶粒尺寸较大的硬脆性岩石的岩爆倾向性更强。深部地下岩体工程的岩爆倾向性评价中，除强度和脆性外，晶粒尺寸也是需要考虑的重要因素。
- 岩爆 /
- 板裂 /
- 花岗岩 /
- 晶粒尺寸
Abstract: In order to explore the influence of granite grain size on rockburst, cubic granite specimens with an opening and different grain sizes (fine to medium and medium to coarse) were used to conduct the rockburst tests using the true triaxial rockburst testing system. The experimental results show that the failure process of the fine to medium-grained granite is mainly composed of brittle failure. However, rockburst failure (dynamic failure) dominates the failure for the medium to coarse-grained granite. The acoustic emission (AE) activity in the early loading stage is weak for the fine to medium-grained granite, and the low-frequency large-rupture events are concentrated in time and space, and the characteristic stress is higher. However, the AE activity in the early loading stage is stronger for the medium to coarse-grained granite, and the low-frequency, large-rupture events are more discrete in time and space, and the characteristic stress is lower, and the fragments are broken more. The grain size has an important influence on the rockburst proneness of granites. The hard-brittle rock with coarser grain size has a stronger rockburst proneness. In addition to strength and brittleness, grain size is an important factor to be considered in rockburst proneness evaluation of deep underground rock mass engineering.
- rockburst /
- spalling /
- granite /
- grain size

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图 1 花岗岩偏光显微镜照片

Figure 1. Polarized micrograph of granite

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图 2 花岗岩试件

Figure 2. Granite specimens

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图 3 真三轴岩爆试验系统

Figure 3. True triaxial rockburst testing system

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图 4 加载装置与视频监测系统

Figure 4. Loading devices and observation system

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图 5 声发射采集系统和传感器

Figure 5. AE acquisition system and sensors

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图 6 加载路径

Figure 6. Loading path

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图 7 细中晶粒花岗岩试件(A1)的破坏过程

Figure 7. Failure process of the fine to medium-grained granite specimen (A1)

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图 8 中粗晶粒花岗岩试件(B1)的破坏过程

Figure 8. Failure process of the medium to coarse-grained granite specimen (B1)

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图 9 细中晶粒花岗岩试样(A1)最终破坏结果

Figure 9. Failure results of the fine to medium-grained granite specimen (A1)

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图 10 中粗晶粒花岗岩试样(B1)最终破坏结果

Figure 10. Failure results of the medium to coarse-grained granite specimen (B1)

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图 11 竖向应力、声发射撞击以及累计撞击随时间的变化

Figure 11. Change of vertical stress, acoustic emission (AE) hit and accumulative AE hit with time

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图 12 试验过程中两种具有不同晶粒尺寸花岗岩的声发射主频分布

Figure 12. Acoustic emission dominant-frequencies of two granites with different particle sizes during the test

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图 13 碎屑粒径分布(单位：mm)

Figure 13. Particle size distribution of fragments (unit: mm)

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图 14 粗粒径碎块(单位：mm)

Figure 14. Coarse-grained fragments (unit: mm)

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图 15 各等级碎屑的质量占比

Figure 15. Mass fractions of fragments with different particle sizes

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表 1 花岗岩基本物理、力学参数与矿物成分

Table 1. Basic physical and mechanical parameters and mineral composition

属地	晶粒	密度/ (kg·m⁻³)	单轴强度/ MPa	弹性模量/ GPa	纵波速度/ (km·s⁻¹)	矿物成分	晶粒直径/ mm	非均匀性
广东肇庆	细中	2 687	135	32.2	4.5	39%斜长石 28%石英 18%钾长石 7%黑云母 3%角闪石 5%其他	0.6～5.0	低
广西梧州	中粗	2 680	110	30.6	5.3	54%钾长石 30%石英 10%斜长石 4%黑云母 2%其他	2～22	高

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表 2 加载过程中细中晶粒花岗岩的特征应力

Table 2. Characteristic stresses in the fine to medium-grained granite specimen during loading

特征应力	时间/s	σ_Z/MPa	σ_θ/MPa	σ_θ/σ_θmax
起裂应力σ_ci	1 547.64	74.00	212.00	0.55
明显颗粒弹射	2 301.12	113.72	331.16	0.86
损伤应力σ_cd	2 563.56	127.50	372.50	0.96
明显板裂化	2 650.32	132.08	386.24	1.00

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表 3 加载过程中中粗晶粒花岗岩特征应力

Table 3. Characteristic stresses of the medium to coarse-grained granite specimen during loading

特征应力	时间/s	竖向应力σ_Z/MPa	σ_θ/MPa	σ_θ/σ_θmax
起裂应力σ_ci	1 145.52	58.00	164.00	0.46
明显弹射	1 838.16	72.76	208.28	0.59
损伤应力σ_cd	2 241.36	113.00	329.00	0.93
明显岩爆	2 385.72	121.01	353.03	1.00

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