Experimental study on impact resistance of steel reinforced concrete members
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摘要: 利用超重型落锤试验机对钢骨混凝土构件进行了侧向冲击试验，研究了落锤冲击钢骨混凝土构件的冲击全过程和最终的破坏形态；分析了钢骨混凝土构件冲击力、位移和轴力时程曲线的特性；对比了不同冲击速度、冲击能量、轴压和边界条件等因素对钢骨混凝土构件的动力响应的影响。结果表明：钢骨混凝土构件在落锤冲击作用下外侧混凝土破坏严重，且冲击能量越大，外侧混凝土越易出现剪切破坏，但内部钢筋和钢骨只发生了一定的弯曲变形，表明钢骨混凝土构件抗冲击性能整体良好。本次试验参数范围内，钢骨混凝土构件的冲击力和跨中位移随冲击速度增加而增大；轴压力增大使钢骨混凝土构件的冲力峰值增大，冲击持时和跨中位移减小；相对于固简支和两端简支的边界条件，两端固支的边界对于钢骨混凝土构件的抗冲击性能提升最好。Abstract: In this work we carried out a lateral impact test of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) members using a super heavy drop weight impact tester, studied the whole process of impact and the ultimate failure mode of drop weight impacted SRC members, and analyzed the time history curves of the impact force, the displacement and the axial force, with the effects of different impact velocities, impact energies, axial pressures and boundary conditions on the dynamic response of SRC members compared. The following results were achieved: the outer concrete of the SRC members is seriously damaged under drop weight impact; the larger the impact energy of the drop weight, the more likely the shear failure of the outer concrete; the internal rebar and H-shaped steel only have a limited bending deformation; and the impact resistance of SRC is generally good. Within the parameters of this test, the impact force and the mid-span displacement of SRC increase with the increase of the impact velocity; the increase of the axial pressure increases the peak value of the impact of SRC, and the impact time and mid-span displacement decrease. Compared with the boundary conditions of one fixed end, one simply supported end and the two simple supported ends, the boundary of the two fixed ends is the best for the impact resistance of SRC.
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图 6 SRC构件跨中位移时程曲线
Figure 6. Time history curves of mid-span displacement of SRC specimen at different impact velocities and under different boundary conditions
图 8 不同冲击速度下构件破坏形态
Figure 8. Failure models of SRC at different drop hammer impact velocities
图 9 不同轴压力下落锤冲击后构件破坏形态
Figure 9. Failure models of SRC under different axial load by drop hammer
图 10 不同边界条件下落锤冲击后构件破坏形态
Figure 10. Failure models of SRC under different boundary conditions by drop weight
表 1 钢骨混凝土试件信息及试验结果
Table 1. SRC specimen information and test results
试件编号 边界条件 m/kg N/kN v/（m·s−1） Fmax/kN Fstab/kN Td/ms $\varDelta _{\rm{cmax}} /{\rm{mm}}$ $\varDelta _{\rm{cstab}} /{\rm{mm}}$ $\varDelta _{\rm{rstab}} /{\rm{mm}}$ SRC4 两端固支 1 158.7 340.4 5.42 10 932.02 2 524.77 10.40 13.67 5.00 5.36 SRC5 两端固支 1 158.7 340.4 7.67 12 489.50 3 780.58 21.97 27.43 15.43 13.02 SRC6 两端固支 1 158.7 340.4 9.39 14 936.49 3 977.93 31.93 34.18 20.65 20.10 SRC7 两端固支 1 158.7 680.8 5.42 − − − 14.23 3.94 5.00 SRC8 两端固支 1 158.7 680.8 7.67 12 600.27 3 429.33 19.93 25.35 13.00 12.76 SRC9 两端固支 1 158.7 680.8 9.39 15 426.77 4 259.52 25.93 32.55 19.50 21.00 SRC10 固简支 1 158.7 0 9.39 12 880.98 1 703.57 43.93 46.13 30.00 22.28 SRC11 两端简支 1 158.7 0 9.39 12 281.95 1 648.84 47.93 59.00 42.50 40.96 注：m为冲击质量；N为所施加的轴力；v为冲击速度；Fmax为冲击力峰值；Fstab为冲击力平台值；Td为冲击力持续时间；$\varDelta _{\rm{cmax}} $为高速摄影测得试件跨中位移最大值；$\varDelta _{\rm{cstab}} $为高速摄影测得试件跨中残余位移值；$\varDelta _{\rm{rstab}} $为高度尺测得试件跨中残余位移值。 
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表 2 钢材的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of the steel
钢材类型 屈服强度/MPa 极限强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 伸长率/% 6 mm 钢板 427.0 625.3 210 22.2 9 mm 钢板 358.2 529.4 203 23.0 12 mm 纵筋 362.3 543.5 212 23.2 8 mm 箍筋 370.2 525.7 216 20.8
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表 3 落锤具体尺寸
Table 3. Specific size of drop weight
名称 形状 底面直径/mm 底面尺寸/mm 高度/mm 质量/kg 配重 圆柱体 490 − 486 719.43 锤头顶部 圆柱体 500 − 150 231.20 过渡部位 长方体 − 300×300 50 35.33 传感器 长方体 − 200×200 100 31.40 锤头底部 长方体 − 300×300 200 141.30 总质量 1 158.70
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