地下核爆诱发工程性地震实测数据分析与不可逆变形范围计算

徐天涵; 李杰; 王明洋; 徐小辉; 何雯静

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2018-0505

地下核爆诱发工程性地震实测数据分析与不可逆变形范围计算

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2018-0505

徐天涵^1,,
李杰^{1, 2, ,},
王明洋^{1, 2},
徐小辉^{1, 2},
何雯静³

1.
陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210007
2.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
3.
火箭军研究院，北京 100094

详细信息

作者简介:
徐天涵（1995－　），男，博士研究生，martinxu41@126.com

通讯作者:
李　杰（1981－　），男，博士，副教授，lijierf@163.com

中图分类号: O383.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-17
- 修回日期: 2019-01-19
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Analysis of test data of underground nuclear explosions and calculation of irreversible deformation range

XU Tianhan^1
,,
LI Jie^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Mingyang^{1, 2},
XU Xiaohui^{1, 2},
HE Wenjing³

1.
State Key Laboratory of Explosion & Impact and Disaster Prevention & Mitigation, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
3.
Academy of the Rocket Force, Beijing 100094, China

摘要

摘要: 地下核试验瞬间释放的巨大能量引起地壳能量的连锁反应，产生诱发地震等地球物理现象。本文对20世纪前苏联与美国进行的地下核试验数据进行整理与归纳，给出地下核爆炸试验诱发工程地震的范围以及激活岩块大小等。根据实测数据，指出地下核爆炸诱发工程性地震的力学本质，利用理论公式计算了地下核爆炸产生不可逆位移的临界能量因子范围，为相关研究提供理论基础和场地效应试验数据。
- 地下核爆 /
- 工程性地震 /
- 不可逆位移范围 /
- 特征能量因子 /
- 激活岩块
Abstract: The huge energy released instantaneously in underground nuclear tests leads to a chain reaction of crustal energy, and results in geophysical phenomena such as induced earthquakes. This paper sorts out and sums up the underground nuclear test data of the Soviet Union and the United States conducted in the 20th century, including the range of engineering earthquakes induced by underground nuclear tests and the size of activating rock blocks. By judging the measured data, the mechanical nature of the engineering earthquake induced by underground nuclear explosion is pointed out and the range of the critical energy factor of irreversible displacement induced by underground nuclear explosion is calculated using the theoretical formula, thereby providing a theoretical basis and site effect test data for relevant researches.
- underground nuclear explosion /
- engineering earthquake /
- irreversible displacement range /
- characteristic energy factor /
- activated rock block

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图 1 GREELEY引起的主要地表错动

Figure 1. Ground motion induced by GREELEY

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图 2 DURYEA引起主要地表错动

Figure 2. Ground motion induced by DURYEA

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图 3 BOXCAR引起主要地表错动

Figure 3. Ground motion induced by BOXCAR

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图 4 BOXCAR引起地表最大加速度

Figure 4. Maximum ground acceleration induced by BOXCAR

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图 5 BOXCAR引起地表运动幅值

Figure 5. Amplitude of ground motion induced by BOXCAR

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图 6 BOXCAR引起地表振动最大速度

Figure 6. Maximum ground velocity induced by BOXCAR

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图 7 FAULTLESS引起地表错动

Figure 7. Ground motion induced by FAULTLESS

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图 8 BENHAM引发其中640处余震及断层位移分布

Figure 8. Location of 640 aftershocks and faults induced by BENHAM

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图 9 BENHAM引起地表最大加速度

Figure 9. Maximum ground acceleration induced by BENHAM

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图 10 BENHAM引起地表振动最大速度

Figure 10. Maximum ground velocity induced by BENHAM

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图 11 MILROW与CANNIKIN位置及附近地形

Figure 11. Location of MILROW and CANNIKIN and nearby terrain

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图 12 朝鲜核爆前后地表变形场

Figure 12. Deformation field before and after NKNT 6

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图 13 测试场布置图

Figure 13. Test site layout

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图 14 标准化距离与块体尺寸关系

Figure 14. Scaled size of blocks activated by a nuclear explosion

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表 1 爆炸规模与最大断层长度

Table 1. Magnitude of explosions and maximum length of active faults

爆炸名称	当量/Mt	震级/m_b	最大激活断层长度/km
SCOTCH	0.15	5.4	1.54
CHARTREUSE	0.07	5.1	1.66
HALFBEAK	0.30	5.9	3.06
STINGER	—	5.3	2.61
LONGSHOT	—	6.1	2.25

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表 2 不同岩石的A、n取值

Table 2. Values of A and n of different rocks

岩石类型	A	n
花岗石	(1.0～1.3)×10⁴	1.6～1.75
盐岩	(0.8～1.0)×10⁴	1.6
凝灰岩	(0.3～0.4×10)⁴	1.6

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表 3 不可逆位移能量因子计算

Table 3. Calculation of irreversible displacement

核爆炸试验	岩性	当量/kt	埋深/m	地表不可逆范围/m	不可逆位移半径/(m·kt^−1/3)	v	k_d
Greely	沸石凝灰岩	825	1 215	5 200	570	0.16	4.9×10⁻¹⁰
Duryea	流纹岩	65	547	790	239	0.63	8.0×10⁻⁹
Boxcar	沸石凝灰岩	1 200	1 160	6 100	584	0.15	4.6×10⁻¹⁰
Benham	凝灰岩	1 100	1 400	13 000	1 260	0.04	1.6×10⁻¹⁰
Milrow	枕熔岩	1 000	1 219	8 000	809	0.09	1.6×10⁻¹⁰

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表 4 爆炸激活块体尺寸

Table 4. Dimension of block that became more active due to explosive action during explosions

爆炸当量/kt	距爆心投影点距离/m	激活块体尺寸/m	爆炸当量/kt	距爆心投影点距离/m	激活块体尺寸/m
2.3	60	11	1.4	150	12
12.5	110	35		165	15
1.4	120	25	17	430	80
11	100	12		500	62
3	90	15		560	55
	100	12		625	78
	110	12		680	40
	120	11	78	800	100
	130	18		900	100
	140	15		1 020	155
	150	10	54	750	80
	155	10		800	70
	190	10		900	115
1.4	110	16		1 000	100
	125	8		1 100	90
	135	14

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表 5 3#测量区数据

Table 5. Results of light distance measurements at Site 3#

试验	试验日期	距离D /m	(D·Q^−1/3)/(m·kt^−1/3)	位移S/mm	(S·Q^−1/3)/(mm·kt^−1/3)
1348	1987.08.02	1 700	398	19.5	4.56
1350	1988.09.14	3 500	674	12	2.31
1346	1988.12.17	3 900	890	14	3.19
1352	1989.07.08	5 700	1 743	8	2.45
1410	1989.09.02	～7 000	4 000	2	1.07

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表 6 4#测量区数据

Table 6. Results of light distance measurements at Site 4#

试验编号	试验日期	距离D /m	(D·Q^−1/3)/(m·kt^−1/3)	位移S/mm	(S·Q^−1/3)/(mm·kt^−1/3)
1348	1987.08.02	3 700	866	6.66	1.56
1350	1988.09.14	1 450	279	19.7	3.8
1346	1988.12.17	6 650	1 518	5	1.14
1352	1989.07.08	2 900	887	3.5	1.07

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