Expansion and fracture characteristics of oxygen-free copper tubes with different grain sizes under detonation loading
-
摘要: 采用平均晶粒尺寸分别为100～300 μm和20～30 μm的两种软态无氧铜加工成
$\varnothing $ 25 mm圆筒试验用标准铜管，通过高速扫描摄影法对比了JO-159加载下两种铜管膨胀位移、比动能曲线的差异；通过分幅摄影法获取了JO-159、TNT加载下铜管的断裂过程，并对比了断裂时间、裂纹扩展方向、破片形状等方面的差异。结果表明：JO-159加载下，细晶铜管虽然延展性较好，但内部少量缺陷会形成明显的孤立增长的孔洞，使得铜管的有效膨胀位移仅略大于粗晶铜管，且两种铜管比动能的相对偏差小于1%；粗晶铜管断裂时首先出现较多随机分布的孔洞，随着炸药猛度的增大，其孔洞的数量增多，裂纹由母线方向变为复杂交错状，破片由条形变为碎散形，但两种工况下的断裂直径均达到初始直径的3倍，满足圆筒试验的基本要求。Abstract: Two kinds of soft oxygen-free copper tubes with average grain size of 100−300 micron and 20−30 micron were used to fabricate standard copper tubes for$\varnothing $ 25 mm cylinder test. The differences of expansion displacement and specific kinetic energy curves of the two kinds of copper tubes under JO-159 loading were compared using high-speed scanning photography. The fracture process of the copper tube under JO-159 and TNT loading was obtained using framing photography, and the differences in fracture time, crack propagation direction and fragment shape were compared. The results show that under JO-159 loading, although the fine-grained copper tubes have good ductility, a small number of internal defects initiate obvious isolated growth holes, leading to slightly larger effective expansion displacement of copper tubes than that of the coarse-grained copper tubes, with a smaller relative deviation of the specific kinetic energy between the two kinds of copper tubes than 1%. There are many randomly-distributed holes when the coarse-grained copper tube is broken. With the increase of the explosive intensity, the number of holes increases. Cracks switch from longitudinal propagation mode into complex networked mode and fragments change from strip to fragmented shape. However, the fracture diameters under both conditions reach three times of the initial diameter, which meets the basic requirements of a cylinder test.-
Key words:
- oxygen-free copper tube /
- grain size /
- detonation loading /
- expansion /
- fracture
-
图 4 两种铜管的
$\Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}{\text{-}} t$ 曲线Figure 4.
$\Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}{\text{-}} t$ curves of copper tubes with different grain sizes
图 5 两种铜管的
$E{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 曲线Figure 5.
$E{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ curves of copper tubes with different grain sizes
图 6 铜管的
${E_{\rm{s}}}{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 和$\eta {\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 曲线Figure 6. Curves of
${E_{\rm{s}}}{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ and$\eta {\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 
图 8 不同晶粒度铜管膨胀过程的分幅摄影照片
Figure 8. Fractional photos of expansion process of copper tubes in different grain sizes
图 9 粗晶铜管在TNT加载下断裂过程的分幅摄影照片
Figure 9. Fractional photos of expansion process of the copper tube with coarse grains under TNT detonation loading
-
[1] 奥尔连科 Л П. 爆炸物理学: 上册[M]. 孙承纬, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011: 404−405. [2] ESCOBEDO J P, DENNIS-KOLLER D, CERRETA E K, et al. Effects of grain size and boundary structure on the dynamic tensile response of copper [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, 110(3): 033513. DOI: 10.1063/1.3607294. [3] 张凤国, 周洪强. 晶粒尺寸对延性金属材料层裂损伤的影响 [J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62(16): 164601. DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.164601.ZHANG F G, ZHOU H Q. Effects of grain size on the dynamic tensile damage of ductile polycrystalline metal [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(16): 164601. DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.164601. [4] 胡海波, 汤铁钢, 胡八一, 等. 金属柱壳在爆炸加载断裂中的单旋现象 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2004, 24(2): 97–107.HU H B, TANG T G, HU B Y, et al. An study of uniform shear bands orientation selection tendency on explosively loaded cylindrical shells [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2004, 24(2): 97–107. [5] 任国武, 郭昭亮, 汤铁钢, 等. 高应变率加载下金属柱壳断裂的实验研究 [J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(1): 77–82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.012.REN G W, GUO Z L, TANG T G, et al. Experimental research on fracture of metal case under loading at high strain rate [J]. Acta Armamentrii, 2016, 37(1): 77–82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.01.012. [6] 李忠盛, 吴护林, 陈韵如, 等. 内爆炸载荷作用下7A55铝合金的动态性能及断裂行为 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(2): 190–195. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)02-0190-06.LI Z S, WU H L, CHEN Y R, et al. Dynamic properties and fracture behaviors of 7A55 aluminum alloy under explosive loading [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(2): 190–195. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)02-0190-06. [7] SINGH M, SUNEJA H R, BOLA M S, et al. Dynamic tensile deformation and fracture of metal cylinders at high strain rates [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2002, 27(2): 939–954. DOI: 10.1016/s0734-743x(02)00002-7. [8] GOTO D M, BECKER R, ORZECHOWSKI T J, et al. Investigation of the fracture and fragmentation of explosively driven rings and cylinders [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(12): 1547–1556. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.07.081. [9] 郭昭亮, 范诚, 刘明涛, 等. 爆炸与电磁加载下无氧铜环、柱壳的断裂模式转变 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2017, 37(6): 1072–1079. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)06-1072-08.GUO Z L, FAN C, LIU M T, et al. Fracture mode transition in expanding ring and cylindrical shell under electromagnetic and explosive loadings [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2017, 37(6): 1072–1079. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2017)06-1072-08. [10] REN G W, GUO Z L, FAN C, et al. Dynamic shear fracture of an explosively-driven metal cylindrical shell [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineer, 2016, 95(9): 35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.04.012. [11] 李亮亮, 沈飞, 王辉, 等. 晶粒细化对无氧铜动态力学性能的影响 [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2019, 42(1): 22–25. DOI: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.20181023.002.LI L L, SHEN F, WANG H, et al. Effect of grain refinement on dynamic mechanical properties of oxygen-free copper [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2019, 42(1): 22–25. DOI: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.20181023.002. [12] 董海山. 高能炸药及相关物性能[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1989: 146−149. [13] 孙占峰, 赵锋, 谷岩, 等.炸药圆筒试验光学扫描和激光干涉联合测试方法: GJB 8381—2015 [S] // 四川绵阳: 中国工程物理研究院, 2015. [14] 沈飞, 王辉, 罗一鸣. DNTF基同轴双元装药的爆轰波形及驱动性能 [J]. 含能材料, 2018, 26(7): 614–619. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2018.07.011.SHEN F, WANG H, LUO Y M. Detonation wave-shape and driving performance of coaxial binary charge of DNTF-based aluminized explosives [J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials, 2018, 26(7): 614–619. DOI: 10.11943/j.issn.1006-9941.2018.07.011. [15] SOUERS P C, MINICH R. Cylinder test correction for copper work hardening and spall [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2015, 40(2): 238–245. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201400135. [16] SOUERS P C, LAUDERBACH L, GARZA R, et al. Upgraded analytical model of the cylinder test [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2013, 38(3): 419–424. DOI: 10.1002/prep.201200192. [17] 韩立波. 铜缺陷熔化及其冲击力学行为的分子动力学模拟[D]. 合肥: 中国科技大学, 2010: 97−98. [18] KINSLOW R. High-velocity impact phenomena[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1970: 532. -
下载:
图(10)
计量
- 文章访问数: 6040
- HTML全文浏览量: 1915
- PDF下载量: 87
- 被引次数: 0