Expansion and fracture characteristics of oxygen-free copper tubes with different grain sizes under detonation loading
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摘要: 采用平均晶粒尺寸分别为100～300 μm和20～30 μm的两种软态无氧铜加工成
$\varnothing $ 25 mm圆筒试验用标准铜管，通过高速扫描摄影法对比了JO-159加载下两种铜管膨胀位移、比动能曲线的差异；通过分幅摄影法获取了JO-159、TNT加载下铜管的断裂过程，并对比了断裂时间、裂纹扩展方向、破片形状等方面的差异。结果表明：JO-159加载下，细晶铜管虽然延展性较好，但内部少量缺陷会形成明显的孤立增长的孔洞，使得铜管的有效膨胀位移仅略大于粗晶铜管，且两种铜管比动能的相对偏差小于1%；粗晶铜管断裂时首先出现较多随机分布的孔洞，随着炸药猛度的增大，其孔洞的数量增多，裂纹由母线方向变为复杂交错状，破片由条形变为碎散形，但两种工况下的断裂直径均达到初始直径的3倍，满足圆筒试验的基本要求。Abstract: Two kinds of soft oxygen-free copper tubes with average grain size of 100−300 micron and 20−30 micron were used to fabricate standard copper tubes for$\varnothing $ 25 mm cylinder test. The differences of expansion displacement and specific kinetic energy curves of the two kinds of copper tubes under JO-159 loading were compared using high-speed scanning photography. The fracture process of the copper tube under JO-159 and TNT loading was obtained using framing photography, and the differences in fracture time, crack propagation direction and fragment shape were compared. The results show that under JO-159 loading, although the fine-grained copper tubes have good ductility, a small number of internal defects initiate obvious isolated growth holes, leading to slightly larger effective expansion displacement of copper tubes than that of the coarse-grained copper tubes, with a smaller relative deviation of the specific kinetic energy between the two kinds of copper tubes than 1%. There are many randomly-distributed holes when the coarse-grained copper tube is broken. With the increase of the explosive intensity, the number of holes increases. Cracks switch from longitudinal propagation mode into complex networked mode and fragments change from strip to fragmented shape. However, the fracture diameters under both conditions reach three times of the initial diameter, which meets the basic requirements of a cylinder test.-
Key words:
- oxygen-free copper tube /
- grain size /
- detonation loading /
- expansion /
- fracture
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图 4 两种铜管的
$\Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}{\text{-}} t$ 曲线Figure 4.
$\Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}{\text{-}} t$ curves of copper tubes with different grain sizes
图 5 两种铜管的
$E{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 曲线Figure 5.
$E{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ curves of copper tubes with different grain sizes
图 6 铜管的
${E_{\rm{s}}}{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 和$\eta {\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 曲线Figure 6. Curves of
${E_{\rm{s}}}{\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ and$\eta {\text{-}} \Delta {r_{\rm{e}}}$ 
图 8 不同晶粒度铜管膨胀过程的分幅摄影照片
Figure 8. Fractional photos of expansion process of copper tubes in different grain sizes
图 9 粗晶铜管在TNT加载下断裂过程的分幅摄影照片
Figure 9. Fractional photos of expansion process of the copper tube with coarse grains under TNT detonation loading
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