Pressure-bearing and fracture behaviors of metal diaphragms in a small double-pulse engine
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摘要: 为了得到双脉冲发动机隔舱处金属膜片的适宜结构，本文中采用Johnson-Cook材料损伤模型对不同规格金属膜片的承压、破裂过程进行了数值模拟，确定某种规格金属膜片满足设计要求。针对符合要求的金属膜片结构，设计了一套测双向测压装置，对金属膜片的承压、破裂过程依次进行试验。验证了所采用的金属膜片在一脉冲工作时其结构完整没有发生破裂，在二脉冲工作时金属膜片沿着预制刻痕破裂且没有金属碎片脱离，承压和破裂均能满足发动机正常工作要求。通过数值模拟和实验进行对比，发现得到的结果接近，说明采用本文的数值模拟方法研究金属膜片承压与破裂是可行的。通过数值模拟发现，在相同金属膜片厚径比时，随着金属膜片直径的增大，破裂时所需的压强先增大后减小再增大。
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关键词:
- 双脉冲发动机 /
- 金属膜片 /
- Johnson-Cook损伤模型 /
- 破裂规律
Abstract: In order to obtain the suitable structure of the metal diaphragm in the double-pulse engine compartment, this study used the Johnson-Cook material damage model to numerically simulate the pressure-bearing and rupture process of metal diaphragms of different specifications. The results determined the metal diaphragm of a certain specification to meet the design requirements. A set of two-way pressure measuring device was designed to study the pressure-bearing and rupture behaviors of the metal diaphragm. The results show that the metal diaphragm has no structural rupture during one-pulse operation. During the two-pulse operation, the metal diaphragm breaks along the pre-cut and no metal fragments are detached. The pressure-bearing and rupture behavior can meet the working requirements in the engine. The results obtained by numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experiment data, which shows that it is feasible to use the numerical simulation method to study the bearing and cracking of metal diaphragm. Furthermore, simulation study shows that as the diameter increases with the thickness-diameter ratio of the metal diaphragm kept constant, the pressure required for the rupture increases at first and then decreases, and then it increases again.-
Key words:
- double-pulse engine /
- metal diaphragm /
- Johnson-Cook damage model /
- law of rupture
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图 18 不同尺寸的金属膜片D在产生裂纹时的应变云图
Figure 18. Strain clouds of different metal diaphragm D when cracks occur
图 19 金属膜片D的直径、厚度和产生裂纹时压强的拟合关系
Figure 19. Fitting relationships between diameter and thickness of metal diaphragm D and pressure when cracks occur
表 1 金属膜片和支撑架的参数
Table 1. Parameters of metal diaphragm and support frame
部位 材料 密度/(kg·m−3) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 抗拉强度/MPa 断裂应变 金属膜片 2A12铝合金 2 770 71.7 0.33 405 0.080 支撑架 30CrMnSiA 7 850 196.0 0.30 1 080 0.057 
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表 2 金属膜片尺寸
Table 2. Metal diaphragm size
规格 膜片直径/
mm膜片厚度/
mm十字刻痕
深度/mm十字刻痕处的
有效厚度/mm四个圆弧刻痕
深度/mm圆弧处有效
厚度/mm刻痕截面的
角度/(°)A 28 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 60 B 28 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.8 60 C 28 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 60 D 28 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 60
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表 3 金属膜片结构的完整性
Table 3. Structural integrity of the metal diaphragm
规格 承压状态 破裂状态 A 有效，基本无形变 没破裂 B 有效，基本无形变 没破裂 C 有效，形变较小 破裂，但破裂程度不够 D 有效，形变较小 破裂，打开的程度满足要求
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表 4 金属膜片参数
Table 4. Metal diaphragm parameters
规格 膜片直径/
mm膜片厚度/
mm十字刻痕
深度/mm十字刻痕处的
有效厚度/mm四个圆弧刻痕
深度/mm圆弧处有效
厚度/mm刻痕截面的
角度/（°）圆弧刻痕距膜片
中心的距离/mm出现裂纹时
的压强/MPaD1 36 0.9 0.65 0.25 0.39 0.51 60 16.20 5.5 D2 44 1.1 0.75 0.35 0.47 0.63 60 19.58 6.8 D3 52 1.3 0.93 0.37 0.55 0.75 60 23.14 8.0 D4 60 1.5 1.07 0.43 0.64 0.86 60 26.70 9.4 D5 76 1.9 1.36 0.54 0.82 1.08 60 33.82 6.5 D6 92 2.3 1.64 0.66 1.00 1.30 60 40.95 7.5 D7 108 2.7 1.93 0.77 1.16 1.54 60 48.06 8.4 D8 124 3.1 2.21 0.89 1.33 1.77 60 55.18 9.4 D9 160 4.0 2.86 1.14 1.72 2.28 60 71.20 11.2
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