爆炸驱动典型活性材料能量释放特性研究

杜宁; 张先锋; 熊玮; 杨莹; 黄炳瑜; 陈海华

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0239

爆炸驱动典型活性材料能量释放特性研究

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0239

杜宁^1,,
张先锋^1, ,,
熊玮¹,
杨莹²,
黄炳瑜¹,
陈海华¹

1.
南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
2.
江苏永丰机械有限责任公司，江苏南京 210014

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金委员会与中国工程物理研究院联合基金（U1730101）；江苏省研究生科研创新计划（KYCX19_0321，KYCX19_0335）

详细信息

作者简介:
杜　宁（1990－　），男，博士研究生，duning521519@126.com

通讯作者:
张先锋（1978－　），男，博士，教授，lynx@njust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O381
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- 被引次数: 6
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-23
- 修回日期: 2019-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-01

Energy-release characteristics of typical reactive materials under explosive loading

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
2.
Jiangsu Yongfeng Mechanics Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究活性材料爆炸驱动反应特性，基于粉末压制成型工艺，制备了Al/PTFE、Al/Ni两种典型的活性材料及Al₂O₃/PTFE、Al₂O₃/PTFE/W惰性材料。通过爆炸驱动试验，并结合高速摄影、远红外热像仪以及峰值超压测试技术，分析了不同活性材料壳体装药爆炸火球、温度场分布及空气冲击波峰值超压等特性。同时，在炸药爆炸空气冲击波峰值超压经验计算模型中考虑了活性材料释放的化学能，分析了反应释放能量对空气冲击波的影响规律。结果表明：活性材料在爆炸驱动过程中经历了强加载条件下反应、产生碎片并向四周飞散、撞击钢板及后续反应等阶段。活性材料对炸药爆炸产生的空气冲击波具有强化作用，爆炸加载瞬间材料仅发生了部分化学反应。
- 活性材料 /
- 爆炸驱动 /
- 冲击诱发化学反应 /
- 能量释放特性
Abstract: In order to study the reaction characteristics of reactive materials under explosive loading, two typical reactive materials, namely Al/PTFE and Al/Ni, as well as two inert materials, namely Al₂O₃/PTFE and Al₂O₃/PTFE/W, were manufactured by powder compaction. Explosion-driven tests were conducted on the four materials, by combining with the high-speed photography technology, far-infrared thermal imager testing technology and peak overpressure testing technology. The characteristics of explosive fireball, distribution of temperature and peak overpressure of blast shock waves were analyzed for different materials. Furthermore, the chemical energy released from the reactive materials was considered in the empirical calculation model to estimate the peak overpressure of blast shock waves. The influence of the released energy on the blast shock wave was analyzed by the model. The results show that during the explosion driving process, the reactive materials undergo such stages as reaction under strong loading, debris generation and scattering around, impact on steel plates and subsequent reaction. Reactive materials can strengthen the air shock wave produced by explosive explosion, and only part of the chemical reaction occurs at the moment of explosion loading.
- reactive materials /
- explosive loading /
- shock-induced chemical reaction /
- energy-release characteristics

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图 1 活性材料制备工艺流程

Figure 1. Preparation route of energetic structural materials

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图 2 Al/PTFE活性材料烧结工艺曲线

Figure 2. Sinter curve of Al/PTFE energetic structural materials

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图 3 粉末压制工艺制备Al/PTFE、Al/Ni材料

Figure 3. Al/PTFE and Al/Ni materials by powder compaction

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图 4 约束装药示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of confined charge

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图 5 活性材料爆炸驱动装置

Figure 5. Explosive loading device of energetic structural materials shells

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图 6 试验布局

Figure 6. Experimental layout

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图 7 不同材料爆炸驱动下火球成形和演变情况

Figure 7. Morphology and evolution of the fireballs for the four charges with different materials

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图 8 不同材料特定时刻热像图

Figure 8. Thermal images of different materials at different times

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图 9 不同材料爆炸驱动下的热像图随时间的变化规律

Figure 9. Thermal images of different materials at different times under explosive loading

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图 10 辐射面积随时间变化曲线

Figure 10. Radiation area varying with time

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图 11 高温区辐射面积随时间变化曲线

Figure 11. Radiation area of high temperature region varying with time

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图 12 不同材料超压随时间的变化曲线

Figure 12. Overpressure-time curves of different materials

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图 13 不同材料碎片撞击钢板的试验结果

Figure 13. Experimental results of fragments with ·different materials impacting steel targets

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表 1 材料性能参数

Table 1. The parameters of materials

材料	质量比	密实度/%	Q_m/(kJ·g⁻¹)	σ/MPa	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	m/g
Al/PTFE	26.5∶73.5	99.5	8.87	20.43	2.27	87.78
Al/Ni	23.9∶76.1	68.9	1.38	27.70	3.97	157.01
Al₂O₃/PTFE	13.6∶86.4	96.4	0	16.66	2.20	87.45
Al₂O₃/PTFE/W	20∶36.9∶43.1	67.9	0	18.47	3.91	154.72

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表 2 压电传感器测试爆炸参数

Table 2. Test data by piezoelectric sensors

材料	测试编号	m/g	M/g	Q_t/kJ	Δ p/kPa	y/%
Al₂O₃/PTFE	2	87.45	44.0	0	30.2	0
Al₂O₃/PTFE/W	3	154.72	44.0	0	32.8	0
Al/PTFE	4	87.78	44.0	778.6	43.3	17.48

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表 3 不同材料在爆炸驱动下反应度计算结果

Table 3. Calculation results of reactive efficiency of different materials under explosion loading

材料	编号	m/g	M/g	Q_t/kJ	Δ p/kPa	y/%
Alumina^[12]	Al₂O₃	8.91	5.53	0	91.5	0
Mechanically alloyed powder^[12]	Al·Mg (NJIT)-1	11.30	6.12	181.5	137.5	21.60
Mechanically alloyed powder^[12]	Al·Mg (NJIT)-2	9.95	5.71	163.2	139.9	26.32
Flake aluminum^[12]	Al (flake)	9.70	5.57	150.1	135.2	26.85
Spherical aluminum powder (repeats) ^[12]	Al H-2-1	9.95	5.78	167.2	120.6	17.39
	Al H-2-2	10.83	6.02	167.6	123.9	17.98
	Al H-2-3	10.02	5.83	168.6	125.4	19.06
Atomized alloy powder^[12]	Al·Mg(Valimet)	9.62	5.73	176.4	130.6	20.56

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