聚氯乙烯弹性体静动态力学性能及本构模型

雷经发; 许孟; 刘涛; 宣言; 孙虹; 魏展

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0249

聚氯乙烯弹性体静动态力学性能及本构模型

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0249

雷经发^{1, 2,},
许孟¹,
刘涛^{1, 2, ,},
宣言¹,
孙虹^{1, 2},
魏展¹

1.
安徽建筑大学机械与电气工程学院，安徽合肥 230601
2.
安徽建筑大学工程机械智能制造安徽省教育厅重点实验室，安徽合肥 230601

基金项目: 安徽省自然科学基金（1708085ME130）；安徽省高校优秀拔尖人才培育资助项目(gxbjZD2020078)；汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室开放基金（NVHSKL-201407）

详细信息

作者简介:
雷经发（1978－　）男，博士，教授，rain78828@163.com

通讯作者:
刘　涛（1984－　）男，博士，副教授，liutao19841015@163.com

中图分类号: O347.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-25
- 修回日期: 2020-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-05

Static/dynamic mechanical properties and a constitutive model of a polyvinyl chloride elastomer

LEI Jingfa^{1, 2
,},
XU Meng¹,
LIU Tao^{1, 2
, ,},
XUAN Yan¹,
SUN Hong^{1, 2},
WEI Zhan¹

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
2.
Anhui Education Department Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Construction Machinery, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China

摘要

摘要: 为揭示聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能，采用万能材料试验机和改进的分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置获得了材料在应变率为0.001、0.01、0.1、1 510、2 260和3 000 s⁻¹下的应力应变曲线，并以屈服强度为整形器优选参数，对比了紫铜、铜版纸和铅等3种整形器材料的整形效果。使用修正的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型描述聚氯乙烯弹性体在静、动态载荷下的力学性能。结果表明：聚氯乙烯弹性体在静态载荷下具有应变率效应和显著的超弹性特性，动态载荷下表现出较明显的应变率效应和较强的抗变形能力，且静动态载荷下的力学行为受应变历史影响较大。3种整形器材料中铜版纸的整形效果最好。修正后的ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型能够得到统一参数的本构表达式，且各应变率下的拟合结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。
- 聚氯乙烯弹性体 /
- 静、动态力学性能 /
- ZWT非线性黏弹性本构模型 /
- 整形器
Abstract: In order to reveal the mechanical properties of a polyvinyl chloride elastomer under static and dynamic loading, the stress-strain curves of the polyvinyl chloride elastomer at six different strain rates (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 510, 2 260 and 3 000 s⁻¹) were obtained by using a universal material testing machine and a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar experimental device. The shaping effects of the three shaper materials including copper, coated paper and plumbum were compared by using the yield strength as the optimized parameter of the shapers. It is difficult to obtain a unified parametric constitutive expression directly using the original ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model, and the constitutive model is less efficient in describing the mechanical properties of the materials under static and dynamic loading. Therefore, the modified ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model was used to describe the mechanical properties of the material under static and dynamic loading. The results show that the polyvinyl chloride elastomer has a strain-rate effect and significant hyperelastic properties under static load. It exhibits a more obvious strain-rate effect and strong resistance to deformation under dynamic loading, and the mechanical behaviors under static and dynamic loading are greatly affected by the strain histories. Coated paper has the best shaping effect among the three shaper materials. The modified ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model can obtain constitutive expressions with uniform parameters, and the fitting results at various strain rates are in good agreement with the experimental results.
- polyvinyl chloride elastomer /
- static/dynamic mechanical properties /
- ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model /
- pulse shaper

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图 1 SHPB装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the SHPB setup

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图 2 未使用整形器和使用不同材质的整形器所得的波形

Figure 2. Waveforms without and with pulse shapers made by different materials

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图 3 聚氯乙烯弹性体准静态压缩应力应变曲线

Figure 3. Quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves of the PVC elastomer

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图 4 聚氯乙烯弹性体静、动态压缩应力应变曲线

Figure 4. Static and dynamic compressive stress-strain curves of the PVC elastomer

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图 5 ZWT模型

Figure 5. The ZWT model

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图 6 应力应变曲线与本构拟合

Figure 6. Comparison between predicted and experimental stress-strain curves

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图 7 修正后的ZWT本构拟合与应力应变曲线

Figure 7. Comparison between stress-strain curves and the fitting curves of the modified ZWT model

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图 8 修正后ZWT模型的拟合曲线与验证数据对比

Figure 8. Comparison between the verification data and the experimental curves of the modified ZWT model

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表 1 整形器材料参数

Table 1. Parameters of the pulse shaper material

整形器材质	整形器尺寸	屈服强度/ MPa	撞击速度/ (m·s⁻¹)
紫铜	$\varnothing $10 mm×0.6 mm	70.0	8.12
铜版纸	10 mm×10 mm×0.6 mm （双层厚）	5.95	8.10
铅	$\varnothing $10 mm×0.6 mm	5.0	7.99

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表 2 拟合参数值

Table 2. Fitted parameters

$\dot \varepsilon {\rm{/}}{{\rm{s}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}$	E₀ or (E₀+E₁)/MPa	α/MPa	β/MPa	E₁ or E₂/MPa	θ₁ or θ₂/s	相关系数平方R²
0.001	3.14	7.619	10.97	0.419 7	2117	0.999 9
0.01	2.854	14.86	15.15	6.664×10⁻⁹	5.933×10⁻⁹	1
0.1	2.924	17.98	31.19	1.32	0.1775	1
1 510	−81.4	−748.8	3 580	202.7	134.6	0.995 5
2 260	138.2	−669.9	3 100	17.1	9552	0.997 3
3 000	90.1	−517.9	2 650	75.64	77.58	0.998 6

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表 3 修正后的ZWT模型的拟合结果

Table 3. The fitting result of the modified ZWT model

$\dot \varepsilon {\rm{/}}{{\rm{s}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}$	相关系数平方R²	$\dot \varepsilon {\rm{/}}{{\rm{s}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}$	相关系数平方R²
0.001	0.999 9	1 510	0.997 3
0.01	0.998 3	2 260	0.993 0
0.1	0.997 4	3 000	0.996 1

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表 4 修正后的ZWT模型的验证结果

Table 4. Verification result of the modified ZWT model

$\dot \varepsilon {\rm{/}}{{\rm{s}}^{{\rm{ - 1}}}}$	相关系数平方R²
0.005	0.997 1
1 310	0.988 7
1 890	0.996 3

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