仿虾螯结构薄壁管设计及耐撞性分析

杨欣; 范晓文; 许述财; 黄晗; 霍鹏

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2019-0280

仿虾螯结构薄壁管设计及耐撞性分析

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0280

杨欣^1,,
范晓文^{1, 2},
许述财^2, ,,
黄晗²,
霍鹏^{1, 2}

1.
河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定 071000
2.
清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室，北京 100084

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51305223)；中国博士后科学基金(2018M641338)；河北农业大学青年科学基金(2013QNR001)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨　欣（1974－　），男，博士，教授，yangxin@hebau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
许述财（1978－　），男，博士，副研究员，xushc@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: O382；U463.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-15
- 修回日期: 2019-11-19
- 刊出日期: 2020-04-01

Design and crashworthiness analysis of thin-walled tubes based on a shrimp chela structure

YANG Xin^1
,,
FAN Xiaowen^{1, 2},
XU Shucai^{2
, ,},
HUANG Han²,
HUO Peng^{1, 2}

1.
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要

摘要: 为提高薄壁管的耐撞性能，以虾螯为生物原型，通过结构仿生原理设计了仿虾螯结构多晶胞薄壁管。以晶胞数（2～6）和冲击角度（0°、10°、20°、30°）为试验因素，利用有限元法分析了仿虾螯结构多晶胞薄壁管在不同冲击角度下的耐撞性能，通过落锤试验验证了仿真结果的可靠性。结果表明：2晶胞仿生管在轴向和斜向载荷下的耐撞性最优。同工况条件下，减少晶胞数可降低仿生管峰值载荷。斜向冲击载荷下，仿生管保持稳定叠缩变形模式的时间随晶胞数的增加而缩短，其耐撞性能随晶胞数的增加而降低。虾螯结构特征与普通圆管的结合有效提高了仿虾螯结构多晶胞薄壁管的耐撞性能。
- 薄壁管 /
- 结构仿生 /
- 耐撞性 /
- 落锤试验 /
- 晶胞
Abstract: In order to improve the crashworthiness of thin-walled tubes, the multi-cell bionic thin-walled tubes based on a shrimp chela structure were designed by the principle of structural bionics. By taking the cell number (2−6) and the impact angle (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°) as experimental factors, the finite element method was used to simulate the crashworthiness of the bionic tubes, the reliability of the results by the simulation test was verified by the drop-weight tests. The results show that the two-cell bionic tube has the best crashworthiness under axial and oblique loads. Under the same working conditions, the reduction of the number of unit cells can reduce the peak loads of the bionic tubes. Under the oblique impact load, the time for the bionic tubes to maintain the stable collapse deformation mode is shortened with the increase of the number of the cells, and the crashworthiness of the bionic tubes decreases with the increase of the number of the cells. The combination of a shrimp cheek structure and an ordinary circular tube effectively improves the crashworthiness of the designed structures. So it can provide a reference for the design of energy-absorbing components in vehicles.
- thin-walled tube /
- structural bionic /
- crashworthiness /
- drop-hammer test /
- cell

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图 1 虾螯截面结构

Figure 1. The structure of the cross section of the chela

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图 2 晶胞结构

Figure 2. The structure of a cell

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图 3 仿生管的结构及尺寸

Figure 3. The structure and size of a bionic tube

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图 4 具有不同晶胞数的仿生管(BT)的截面结构图

Figure 4. Cross-sectional structures of bionic tubes (BTs) with different cell numbers

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图 5 仿生管的有限元模型

Figure 5. The finite element model for the bionic tube

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图 6 BT有限元模型可靠性验证流程图

Figure 6. Reliability verification flow chart of the finite element model for BT

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图 7 BT-4样件

Figure 7. Samples of BT-4

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图 8 落锤冲击试验机

Figure 8. Drop hammer impact tester

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图 9 BT-4的仿真与实物试验的载荷-位移曲线对比

Figure 9. Comparison of load-displacement curves between simulation and physical test for BT-4

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图 10 不同冲击角度（由左至右分别为0°、10°、20°和30°）下2～6晶胞的BT和CT的变形模式

Figure 10. Deformation modes of the BTs with 2−6 cells and CTs under impact angles of 0°, 10°, 20° and 30° from left to right

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图 11 不同冲击角度下2～6晶胞的BT和CT的比吸能-位移曲线

Figure 11. Specific energy absorption-displacement curves of the BTs with 2−6 cells and CTs under different impact angles

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图 12 不同冲击角度下2～6晶胞的BT和CT的载荷-位移曲线

Figure 12. Force-displacement curves of the BTs with 2−6 cells and CTs under different impact angles

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图 13 各晶胞数BT的最大比吸能-冲击角度曲线

Figure 13. Maximum specific energy absorption-impact angle curves of BTs with different number of cells

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图 14 不同冲击角度下各晶胞数BT的权值W

Figure 14. Weights of BTs with different number of the cells at different impact angles

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表 1 2～6晶胞BT和CT在不同角度冲击载荷下的E_a、m及E_a,s的仿真试验值

Table 1. Simulation test values of E_a, m and E_a,s of BTs with 2−6 cells and CTs under different-angle impact loads

α/(°)	薄壁管	E_a/kJ	m/kg	E_a,s/(kJ·kg⁻¹)	α/(°)	薄壁管	E_a/kJ	m/kg	E_a,s/(kJ·kg⁻¹)
0	BT-2	6.01	0.223 10	26.96	20	BT-2	4.92	0.223 10	22.06
	BT-3	7.11	0.247 10	28.77		BT-3	5.85	0.247 10	23.66
	BT-4	8.28	0.271 20	30.53		BT-4	5.68	0.271 20	20.93
	BT-5	8.07	0.295 20	31.61		BT-5	3.41	0.295 20	11.56
	BT-6	10.29	0.319 20	32.23		BT-6	4.31	0.319 20	13.51
	CT	1.50	0.094 99	15.77		CT	1.02	0.094 99	10.70
10	BT-2	5.42	0.223 10	24.28	30	BT-2	2.01	0.223 10	9.00
	BT-3	6.50	0.247 10	26.30		BT-3	2.08	0.247 10	8.43
	BT-4	7.54	0.271 20	27.82		BT-4	2.05	0.271 20	7.54
	BT-5	8.58	0.295 20	29.08		BT-5	2.39	0.295 20	8.09
	BT-6	9.51	0.319 20	29.78		BT-6	2.53	0.319 20	7.92
	CT	1.33	0.094 99	14.00		CT	0.63	0.094 99	6.67

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表 2 2～6晶胞BT与CT在不同角度冲击载荷下的F_m、F_p及η的仿真试验值

Table 2. Simulation test values of F_m, F_p and η of BTs with 2−6 cells and CTs under different-angle impact loads

α/(°)	薄壁管	F_m/kN	F_p/kN	η/%	α/(°)	薄壁管	F_m/kN	F_p/kN	η/%
0	BT-2	59.90	123.07	48.67	20	BT-2	51.64	66.30	77.88
	BT-3	69.39	137.52	50.46		BT-3	60.37	84.94	71.08
	BT-4	82.41	152.35	54.09		BT-4	65.19	97.72	66.71
	BT-5	95.09	167.26	56.85		BT-5	53.92	105.04	51.33
	BT-6	101.88	181.88	56.02		BT-6	64.09	121.03	52.95
	CT	15.30	57.82	26.47		CT	12.51	19.64	63.68
10	BT-2	54.82	67.57	81.13	30	BT-2	29.91	59.52	50.25
	BT-3	54.89	76.82	71.46		BT-3	31.28	67.28	46.48
	BT-4	77.15	92.93	83.02		BT-4	32.27	67.49	47.82
	BT-5	85.19	103.23	82.52		BT-5	38.38	85.04	45.13
	BT-6	97.42	114.13	85.37		BT-6	42.18	93.64	45.04
	CT	14.55	21.86	66.52		CT	9.06	17.98	50.37

下载: 导出CSV

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